Benefits of Stone-sill Reverse-slope Terraces to Soil and Water Conservation on Thin-soiled Sloping Farmland in Earthy-Rocky Mountainous Area of North China

doi:10.11988/ckyyb.20231059

Abstract

Abstract:

To address the issue of soil erosion on sloping farmland with thin soils in the earth-rocky mountainous area of north China, we established standard runoff plots to investigate the comprehensive soil and water conservation effectiveness of stone-sill reverse-slope terraces. Our findings revealed a significant control effect on water and soil loss: runoff and sediment were reduced by 68.57% and 94.29%, respectively, compared to contour farming. Stone-sill reverse-slope terraces effectively increased soil moisture content and ensured a more uniform distribution of water across the slopes. The total soil moisture content increased by 7.78% compared to contour farming plots. Additionally, the stone-sill reverse-slope terraces markedly enhanced crop yields on sloping farmland; corn yields increased by 12.69% compared to contour farming. Our design and study of the stone-sill reverse-slope terrace contribute to the soil and water conservation methods for thin-soiled sloping farmland in north China’s earth-rocky mountainous areas.

Key words: stone-sill reverse-slope terrace, sloping farmland with thin soil layer, soil and water loss, earthy-rocky mountainous areas of north China, runoff, soil moisture

CLC Number:

S157.9

Cite this article

JIANG Yu, CHENG Hong-yuan. Benefits of Stone-sill Reverse-slope Terraces to Soil and Water Conservation on Thin-soiled Sloping Farmland in Earthy-Rocky Mountainous Area of North China[J]. Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, 2024, 41(8): 55-62.

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URL: http://ckyyb.crsri.cn/EN/10.11988/ckyyb.20231059

http://ckyyb.crsri.cn/EN/Y2024/V41/I8/55

Figures/Tables 7

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of MP plot design

Table 1 Statistics of rainfall and runoff of each plot in 2022

降雨场次	降雨日期	降雨历时/ min	降雨量/ mm	降雨强度/ (mm·h^-1)	产流与否
降雨场次	降雨日期	降雨历时/ min	降雨量/ mm	降雨强度/ (mm·h^-1)	CK1	CK2	MP
1	06-06	75	3.0	2.40	—	—	—
2	06-07	55	5.0	5.45	—	—	—
3	06-08	60	6.0	6.00	—	—	—
4	06-13	475	9.8	1.24	—	—	—
5	06-14	740	24.8	2.01	√	√	—
6	06-16	50	1.8	2.16	—	—	—
7	06-18	50	2.4	2.88	—	—	—
8	06-20	35	1.9	3.26	—	—	—
9	06-22	75	4.0	3.20	—	—	—
10	06-24	160	3.9	1.46	√	√	—
11	06-25	630	12.0	1.14	—	—	—
12	06-28	40	1.8	2.70	—	—	—
13	06-29	560	18.2	1.95	—	—	—
14	07-09	95	2.2	1.39	—	—	—
15	07-10	200	18.6	5.58	√	√	√
16	07-11	155	8.0	3.10	√	—	—
17	07-21	945	113.5	7.21	√	√	√
18	07-25	275	20.5	4.47	√	√	√
19	07-26	10	1.2	7.20	—	—	—
20	07-28	505	8.6	1.02	—	—	—
21	07-30	1 140	28.1	1.48	—	—	—
22	07-31	130	0.9	0.42	—	—	—
23	08-01	1 205	49.5	2.46	√	√	√
24	08-12	140	2.8	1.20	—	—	—
25	08-14	30	0.3	0.60	—	—	—
26	08-21	10	0.4	2.40	—	—	—
27	09-02	510	19.5	2.29	—	—	—
28	09-07	875	20.4	1.40	—	—	—
29	09-11	1 050	4.5	0.26	—	—	—
30	09-27	450	10.6	1.41	—	—	—
合计		10 615	404.2	2.28	7	6	4

Table 1 Statistics of rainfall and runoff of each plot in 2022

降雨场次	降雨日期	降雨历时/ min	降雨量/ mm	降雨强度/ (mm·h^-1)	产流与否
降雨场次	降雨日期	降雨历时/ min	降雨量/ mm	降雨强度/ (mm·h^-1)	CK1	CK2	MP
1	06-06	75	3.0	2.40	—	—	—
2	06-07	55	5.0	5.45	—	—	—
3	06-08	60	6.0	6.00	—	—	—
4	06-13	475	9.8	1.24	—	—	—
5	06-14	740	24.8	2.01	√	√	—
6	06-16	50	1.8	2.16	—	—	—
7	06-18	50	2.4	2.88	—	—	—
8	06-20	35	1.9	3.26	—	—	—
9	06-22	75	4.0	3.20	—	—	—
10	06-24	160	3.9	1.46	√	√	—
11	06-25	630	12.0	1.14	—	—	—
12	06-28	40	1.8	2.70	—	—	—
13	06-29	560	18.2	1.95	—	—	—
14	07-09	95	2.2	1.39	—	—	—
15	07-10	200	18.6	5.58	√	√	√
16	07-11	155	8.0	3.10	√	—	—
17	07-21	945	113.5	7.21	√	√	√
18	07-25	275	20.5	4.47	√	√	√
19	07-26	10	1.2	7.20	—	—	—
20	07-28	505	8.6	1.02	—	—	—
21	07-30	1 140	28.1	1.48	—	—	—
22	07-31	130	0.9	0.42	—	—	—
23	08-01	1 205	49.5	2.46	√	√	√
24	08-12	140	2.8	1.20	—	—	—
25	08-14	30	0.3	0.60	—	—	—
26	08-21	10	0.4	2.40	—	—	—
27	09-02	510	19.5	2.29	—	—	—
28	09-07	875	20.4	1.40	—	—	—
29	09-11	1 050	4.5	0.26	—	—	—
30	09-27	450	10.6	1.41	—	—	—
合计		10 615	404.2	2.28	7	6	4

Table 2 Comparison of runoff and sediment among different treatment plots

序号	日期	径流量/m³			泥沙量/kg
序号	日期	CK1	CK2	MP	CK1	CK2	MP
1	06-14	0.38	0.21	0.00	129.40	52.80	0.00
2	06-24	0.08	0.02	0.00	0.11	0.01	0.00
3	07-10	0.45	0.08	0.07	134.51	0.19	0.08
4	07-11	0.03	0.00	0.00	0.18	0.00	0.00
5	07-21	6.31	0.49	0.41	127.61	5.61	2.78
6	07-25	0.37	0.09	0.07	96.58	0.14	0.35
7	08-01	1.44	0.30	0.15	77.14	1.28	0.22
合计		9.06	1.18	0.70	565.53	60.03	3.43

Table 2 Comparison of runoff and sediment among different treatment plots

序号	日期	径流量/m³			泥沙量/kg
序号	日期	CK1	CK2	MP	CK1	CK2	MP
1	06-14	0.38	0.21	0.00	129.40	52.80	0.00
2	06-24	0.08	0.02	0.00	0.11	0.01	0.00
3	07-10	0.45	0.08	0.07	134.51	0.19	0.08
4	07-11	0.03	0.00	0.00	0.18	0.00	0.00
5	07-21	6.31	0.49	0.41	127.61	5.61	2.78
6	07-25	0.37	0.09	0.07	96.58	0.14	0.35
7	08-01	1.44	0.30	0.15	77.14	1.28	0.22
合计		9.06	1.18	0.70	565.53	60.03	3.43

Fig.2 Correlation analysis of runoff and sediment in each plot

Table 3 Soil moisture content of slopes in different treatment plots

土层深度/ cm	土壤含水量/%
	CK1				CK2				MP
	坡上	坡中	坡下	平均	坡上	坡中	坡下	平均	坡上	坡中	坡下	平均
0~10	14.42	15.73	15.02	15.06	14.49	15.50	16.78	15.59	17.38	17.45	17.72	17.52
10~20	15.66	15.97	16.12	15.92	17.24	16.44	16.35	16.68	18.44	18.81	19.05	18.77
20~30	16.94	17.01	18.75	17.57	17.48	18.41	19.94	18.61	18.72	18.54	18.38	18.55
平均	15.67	16.24	16.63	16.18	16.40	16.78	17.69	16.96	18.18	18.27	18.38	18.28

Table 3 Soil moisture content of slopes in different treatment plots

土层深度/ cm	土壤含水量/%
	CK1				CK2				MP
	坡上	坡中	坡下	平均	坡上	坡中	坡下	平均	坡上	坡中	坡下	平均
0~10	14.42	15.73	15.02	15.06	14.49	15.50	16.78	15.59	17.38	17.45	17.72	17.52
10~20	15.66	15.97	16.12	15.92	17.24	16.44	16.35	16.68	18.44	18.81	19.05	18.77
20~30	16.94	17.01	18.75	17.57	17.48	18.41	19.94	18.61	18.72	18.54	18.38	18.55
平均	15.67	16.24	16.63	16.18	16.40	16.78	17.69	16.96	18.18	18.27	18.38	18.28

Table 4 Spatial differentiation of soil moisture content of slopes in different treatment plots

试验小区	平均值/%	SD/%		CV/%
试验小区	平均值/%	顺坡面	垂直坡面	顺坡面	垂直坡面
CK1	16.18	0.48	1.28	2.97	7.88
CK2	16.96	0.66	1.53	3.90	9.02
MP	18.28	0.10	0.67	0.56	3.65

Table 4 Spatial differentiation of soil moisture content of slopes in different treatment plots

试验小区	平均值/%	SD/%		CV/%
试验小区	平均值/%	顺坡面	垂直坡面	顺坡面	垂直坡面
CK1	16.18	0.48	1.28	2.97	7.88
CK2	16.96	0.66	1.53	3.90	9.02
MP	18.28	0.10	0.67	0.56	3.65

Table 5 Biological yields of different treatment plots

试验小区	面积/ m²	玉米产量/ kg	玉米单产/ (kg·hm^-2)	秸秆总量/ kg	玉米芯总量/ kg	地上部分总生物量/kg
CK1	100	0.00	0.00	48.37	0.00	48.37
CK2	100	61.53	410.41	71.42	10.71	135.66
MP	100	69.34	462.50	76.23	12.07	148.62

Table 5 Biological yields of different treatment plots

试验小区	面积/ m²	玉米产量/ kg	玉米单产/ (kg·hm^-2)	秸秆总量/ kg	玉米芯总量/ kg	地上部分总生物量/kg
CK1	100	0.00	0.00	48.37	0.00	48.37
CK2	100	61.53	410.41	71.42	10.71	135.66
MP	100	69.34	462.50	76.23	12.07	148.62

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