Spatiotemporal Variation Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Water Quality in the Anhui Section of Yangtze River

doi:10.11988/ckyyb.20240503

Abstract

Abstract:

[Objective] As the uppermost section of the lower Yangtze River, the water quality changes in the Anhui section have attracted significant attention. Investigating the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of water quality and the underlying influencing factors in this region over recent years can provide clearer guidance for future water environment management in the lower Yangtze River. [Methods] Based on daily water quality data from 29 national assessment sections in the Anhui section of the Yangtze River from 2021 to 2023, this study adopted the comprehensive water quality index method to evaluate water quality, and integrated principal component analysis, correlation analysis, and other methods to explore the spatiotemporal variation and influencing factors of water quality. [Results] (1) The daily data values of different water quality indicators at various monitoring sections in the Anhui section from 2021 to 2023 exhibited varying degrees of fluctuation. Additionally, the WQI showed a significant positive correlation with pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) (P<0.01), while it exhibited a significant negative correlation with permanganate index (COD_Mn), ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) (P<0.01). (2) Overall, the water environment quality in the upstream basin in the Anhui section was superior to that of the downstream basin, with several downstream sections having WQI values above 80. The overall water quality in the Anhui section deteriorated progressively from the upstream to the downstream (flowing from the southwest to the northeast). (3) From 2021 to 2023, the overall water quality showed an upward trend, with annual average WQI values of 70.49, 72.24, and 72.49, respectively. Additionally, the quarterly trend within each year was characterized by an initial decline followed by an increase, with average WQI values for the first, second, third, and fourth quarters being 72.21, 71.74, 69.18, and 73.55, respectively. [Conclusion] (1) The overall average WQI value in the Anhui section of the Yangtze River is 71.65, indicating good water quality. COD_Mn, NH₃-N, and TN are identified as the primary indicators influencing the water environment quality of the region. (2) Spatially, the water quality of the upstream basin sections (except for XK section) is better than that of the downstream basin, which may be attributed to differences in the connectivity of upstream and downstream lake systems, the degree of mineral resource exploitation and development, and the scale of agriculture. (3) Temporally, influenced by meteorological factors such as temperature and precipitation, water quality exhibits a trend of first decreasing and then increasing across the four quarters, with better water quality in winter and spring compared to summer and autumn.

Key words: water quality index(WQI), comprehensive water quality assessment method, principal component analysis, spatiotemporal variation, Anhui section of Yangtze River

CLC Number:

X824水质评价

FENG Jia-cheng, CAO Xue-kang, TAO Li, HUA Fei, WU Kang. Spatiotemporal Variation Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Water Quality in the Anhui Section of Yangtze River[J]. Journal of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, 2025, 42(7): 69-76.

C_i	WQI等级	pH值	浓度/(mg·L^-1)
C_i	WQI等级	pH值	DO	COD_Mn	NH₃-N	TN	TP
100	优秀	7.0	>7.5	<0.5	<0.01	<0.10	<0.01
90	优秀	7.0~8.0	7.0~7.5	0.5~2.0	0.01~0.05	0.10~0.20	0.01~0.02
80	良好	8.0~8.5	6.5~7.0	2.0~3.0	0.05~0.1	0.20~0.35	0.02~0.05
70	良好	8.5~9.0	6.0~6.5	3.0~4.0	0.1~0.2	0.35~0.50	0.05~0.10
60	中等	6.5~7.0	5.0~6.0	4.0~5.0	0.2~0.3	0.50~0.75	0.10~0.15
50	中等	6.0~6.5、9.0~9.5	4.0~5.0	5.0~6.0	0.3~0.4	0.75~1.00	0.15~0.20
40	一般	5.0~6.0、9.5~10	3.5~4.0	6.0~8.0	0.4~0.5	1.00~1.25	0.20~0.25
30	一般	4.0~5.0、10~11	3.0~3.5	8.0~10	0.5~0.75	1.25~1.50	0.25~0.30
20	差	3.0~4.0、11~12	2.0~3.0	10~12	0.75~1.00	1.50~1.75	0.30~0.35
10		2.0~3.0、12~13	1.0~2.0	12~15	1.00~1.25	1.75~2.00	0.35~0.40
0		1.0~2.0、13~14	<1.0	>15	>1.25	>2.00	>0.40
P_i		1	4	3	3	2	1

C_i	WQI等级	pH值	浓度/(mg·L^-1)
C_i	WQI等级	pH值	DO	COD_Mn	NH₃-N	TN	TP
100	优秀	7.0	>7.5	<0.5	<0.01	<0.10	<0.01
90	优秀	7.0~8.0	7.0~7.5	0.5~2.0	0.01~0.05	0.10~0.20	0.01~0.02
80	良好	8.0~8.5	6.5~7.0	2.0~3.0	0.05~0.1	0.20~0.35	0.02~0.05
70	良好	8.5~9.0	6.0~6.5	3.0~4.0	0.1~0.2	0.35~0.50	0.05~0.10
60	中等	6.5~7.0	5.0~6.0	4.0~5.0	0.2~0.3	0.50~0.75	0.10~0.15
50	中等	6.0~6.5、9.0~9.5	4.0~5.0	5.0~6.0	0.3~0.4	0.75~1.00	0.15~0.20
40	一般	5.0~6.0、9.5~10	3.5~4.0	6.0~8.0	0.4~0.5	1.00~1.25	0.20~0.25
30	一般	4.0~5.0、10~11	3.0~3.5	8.0~10	0.5~0.75	1.25~1.50	0.25~0.30
20	差	3.0~4.0、11~12	2.0~3.0	10~12	0.75~1.00	1.50~1.75	0.30~0.35
10		2.0~3.0、12~13	1.0~2.0	12~15	1.00~1.25	1.75~2.00	0.35~0.40
0		1.0~2.0、13~14	<1.0	>15	>1.25	>2.00	>0.40
P_i		1	4	3	3	2	1

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Spatiotemporal Variation Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Water Quality in the Anhui Section of Yangtze River

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