Hydraulic Characteristics of Chute Block-Trapezoidal Block Joint Dissipator

doi:10.11988/ckyyb.20230934

Abstract

Abstract:

This study aims to address the turbulent flow patterns and significant water surface fluctuations in the original stilling basin, which lead to the formation of repelled downstream hydraulic jumps and subsequent scouring damage to the apron slab. To mitigate these problems, a combined chute block and trapezoidal block energy dissipator is employed, and the hydraulic characteristics of this dissipator are investigated. Physical model testing and numerical simulation techniques are combined to study the energy dissipation behavior under various flow rates. The energy conversion processes within the flow are analyzed, and flow velocity reduction ratios are calculated to assess the effectiveness of the dissipator. Findings indicate that, for the chute block-trapezoidal block joint dissipator with double rows of trapezoidal blocks arranged in a staggered manner, the velocity reduction ratios at three different flow rates are 60.00%, 75.34%, and 73.75%, respectively. Compared to the original stilling basin, this arrangement reduces the length of the hydraulic jump by 11.29%, 14.17%, and 10.22% across the respective flow rates. The energy dissipation mechanism is categorized into four distinct zones: the flow contraction and diversion area, the hydraulic jump swirl area, the vortex areas on both sides, and the post-jump mainstream area. The findings provide a valuable reference for the design of joint dissipators and the optimization of stilling basins.

Key words: stilling basin, hydraulic characteristics, hydraulic jump, chute block - trapezoidal block, energy dissipation

CLC Number:

TV131.6水工试验

Cite this article

ZHAO Qian, MU Zhen-wei, ZHOU Kai, GAO Shang, ZHANG Hong-hong. Hydraulic Characteristics of Chute Block-Trapezoidal Block Joint Dissipator[J]. Journal of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, 2025, 42(1): 120-128.

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URL: http://ckyyb.crsri.cn/EN/10.11988/ckyyb.20230934

http://ckyyb.crsri.cn/EN/Y2025/V42/I1/120

Figures/Tables 17

Fig.1 Dimensions of stilling basin and arrangement of measurement points

Table 1 Different energy dissipator layouts

Table 2 Comparison of parameters across different layouts (Fr=5.22)

方案	跃长		跃后流速/(m·s^-1)		消能率/%
方案	模型/cm	原型/m	模型	原型	消能率/%
原消力池	63.5	45.28	0.63	5.32	76.84
1	59.0	42.07	0.82	6.92	78.59
2	58.0	41.35	0.41	3.46	79.26
3	57.5	41.00	0.22	1.86	79.80
4	58.0	41.35	0.19	1.60	80.40
5	55.0	39.22	0.26	2.20	81.01
6	55.0	39.22	0.23	1.94	80.78
7	56.0	39.93	0.23	1.94	80.25
8	56.0	39.93	0.24	2.03	79.99
9	57.0	40.64	0.24	2.03	79.70
10	54.5	38.85	0.18	1.52	80.30
11	55.5	39.57	0.23	1.94	79.94
12	57.0	40.64	0.21	1.77	78.95
13	55.6	39.64	0.24	2.03	79.45
14	56.5	40.28	0.18	1.52	79.41

Table 2 Comparison of parameters across different layouts (Fr=5.22)

方案	跃长		跃后流速/(m·s^-1)		消能率/%
方案	模型/cm	原型/m	模型	原型	消能率/%
原消力池	63.5	45.28	0.63	5.32	76.84
1	59.0	42.07	0.82	6.92	78.59
2	58.0	41.35	0.41	3.46	79.26
3	57.5	41.00	0.22	1.86	79.80
4	58.0	41.35	0.19	1.60	80.40
5	55.0	39.22	0.26	2.20	81.01
6	55.0	39.22	0.23	1.94	80.78
7	56.0	39.93	0.23	1.94	80.25
8	56.0	39.93	0.24	2.03	79.99
9	57.0	40.64	0.24	2.03	79.70
10	54.5	38.85	0.18	1.52	80.30
11	55.5	39.57	0.23	1.94	79.94
12	57.0	40.64	0.21	1.77	78.95
13	55.6	39.64	0.24	2.03	79.45
14	56.5	40.28	0.18	1.52	79.41

Table 3 Comparison of hydraulic characteristic parameters at various flow rates

方案	跃长		流量		Fr	消能率/%
方案	模型/ cm	原型/ m	模型/ ( L·s^-1)	原型/ (m³·s^-1)	Fr	消能率/%
原消力池	55.8	39.78	4.36	187.16	3.58	74.46
6	52.0	37.07				74.31
10	49.5	32.29				75.16
14	49.0	34.93				72.92
原消力池	63.5	42.28	5.49	235.67	5.22	76.84
6	55.0	39.22				80.78
10	54.5	38.85				80.30
14	56.5	40.28				79.41
原消力池	68.5	48.84	5.94	254.98	5.88	82.19
6	66.0	47.06				82.64
10	61.5	43.85				82.76
14	62.0	44.21				82.32

Table 3 Comparison of hydraulic characteristic parameters at various flow rates

方案	跃长		流量		Fr	消能率/%
方案	模型/ cm	原型/ m	模型/ ( L·s^-1)	原型/ (m³·s^-1)	Fr	消能率/%
原消力池	55.8	39.78	4.36	187.16	3.58	74.46
6	52.0	37.07				74.31
10	49.5	32.29				75.16
14	49.0	34.93				72.92
原消力池	63.5	42.28	5.49	235.67	5.22	76.84
6	55.0	39.22				80.78
10	54.5	38.85				80.30
14	56.5	40.28				79.41
原消力池	68.5	48.84	5.94	254.98	5.88	82.19
6	66.0	47.06				82.64
10	61.5	43.85				82.76
14	62.0	44.21				82.32

Fig.2 Arrangement of chute block-trapezoidal block model

Fig.3 Flow regime in model test (Fr=5.22)

Fig.4 Flow regime in model test (Fr=5.88)

Fig.5 Flow velocity distribution

Table 4 Test results after optimizing trapezoidal block location

位置	跃长		跃前断面距消力池进口距离		消能率/%	Fr
位置	模型/cm	原型/m	模型/cm	原型/m	消能率/%	Fr
0.25L	53.00	37.79	15.00	10.70	80.32
0.35L	54.50	38.85	13.00	9.27	80.30	5.22
0.45L	58.00	41.35	10.00	7.13	80.02

Table 4 Test results after optimizing trapezoidal block location

位置	跃长		跃前断面距消力池进口距离		消能率/%	Fr
位置	模型/cm	原型/m	模型/cm	原型/m	消能率/%	Fr
0.25L	53.00	37.79	15.00	10.70	80.32
0.35L	54.50	38.85	13.00	9.27	80.30	5.22
0.45L	58.00	41.35	10.00	7.13	80.02

Table 5 Test schemes of optimizing the row spacing of trapezoidal blocks

位置	跃长		跃前断面距消力池进口距离		消能率/%	Fr
位置	模型/cm	原型/m	模型/cm	原型/m	消能率/%	Fr
0.06L	52.50	37.43	16.00	11.41	80.29
0.09L	53.00	37.79	16.00	11.41	79.35	5.22
0.12L	53.00	37.79	15.00	10.70	80.32

Table 5 Test schemes of optimizing the row spacing of trapezoidal blocks

位置	跃长		跃前断面距消力池进口距离		消能率/%	Fr
位置	模型/cm	原型/m	模型/cm	原型/m	消能率/%	Fr
0.06L	52.50	37.43	16.00	11.41	80.29
0.09L	53.00	37.79	16.00	11.41	79.35	5.22
0.12L	53.00	37.79	15.00	10.70	80.32

Fig.6 Water flow zoning

Fig.7 Water flow energy conversion

Fig.8 Numerical model grids

Fig.9 Comparison of water surface line between physical model and numerical simulation

Fig.10 Flow velocity verification

Fig.11 Contours of turbulent kinetic energy in the axial cross-section

Fig.12 Pressure distribution (Fr=5.88)

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