混合地形流域小流域划分命名及空间分布特征分析——以瀛汶河流域为例

doi:10.11988/ckyyb.20240290

raybet体育在线院报 ›› 2025, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (5): 1-9.DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20240290

混合地形流域小流域划分命名及空间分布特征分析——以瀛汶河流域为例

陈飞勇¹(), 陈倩勋¹^,², 江倩倩³, 马淑娟², 徐景涛², 任广欣⁴, 成小翔², 王晋¹()

¹ 山东建筑大学资源与环境创新研究院,济南 250101
² 山东建筑大学市政与环境工程学院,济南 250101
³ 山东省生态环境监测中心,济南 250101
⁴ 中国建筑第八工程局有限公司东北分公司,辽宁大连 116021

收稿日期:2024-03-22 修回日期:2024-09-03 出版日期:2025-05-01 发布日期:2025-05-01
通信作者:
王晋(1988-),男,山东无棣人,副教授,博士,研究方向为水资源可持续利用规划。E-mail:wangjin21@sdjzu.edu.cn
作者简介:
陈飞勇(1963-),男,湖南益阳人,教授,博士,日本工程院外籍院士,主要从事水环境治理研究工作。E-mail:chenfeiyong@sdjzu.edu.cn
基金资助:
山东省高端人才项目(0031504); 国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(42107496); 山东省高等学校“青创人才引育计划”项目(QCTD202108); 2022年度山东省高等学校“青创团队计划”项目(2022KJ206)

Division, Naming, and Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Small Watersheds in Mixed Terrains:A Case Study of Yingwen River Basin

CHEN Fei-yong¹(), CHEN Qian-xun¹^,², JIANG Qian-qian³, MA Shu-juan², XU Jing-tao², REN Guang-xin⁴, CHENG Xiao-xiang², WANG Jin¹()

¹ Institute of Resources and Environment Innovation, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China
² School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China
³ Shandong Ecological Environment Monitoring Center, Jinan 250101, China
⁴ Northeast Branch, China Construction Eighth Engineering Division Co., Ltd., Dalian 116021, China

Received:2024-03-22 Revised:2024-09-03 Published:2025-05-01 Online:2025-05-01

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以混合山地丘陵和平原地形,并包含大型水库的瀛汶河流域作为研究对象,提出了一种适用于混合地形流域中小流域的命名方法。利用WordView遥感数据和ArcGIS中的Hydrology水文分析模型,对该流域的空间分布特征进行了探索和分析。本研究得出如下结论:①共提取了1条主干流、22条一级支流、48条二级支流以及1个大型水库在内的完整水系网络;②根据本研究提出的混合地形小流域提取划分方法,最终得到了28个小流域,其中包括3个干流小流域和1个水库型小流域;③结合地形形态类型,小流域可分为坡面型、区间型和完整型,数量分别为3个、3个和22个,分别占比10.7%、10.7%和77.57%;④根据河网支流空间分布统计结果,流域上中下游的一级支流分叉数分别为0.33、0.77和1.50条二级水系/一级支流;⑤单位面积内一级支流长度与二级支流长度分布趋势相反,导致瀛汶河流域河网密度在上中下游的结果较为接近,为(0.53±0.1) km/km²。研究结果可为混合地形小流域的提取划分及空间特征分析等相关研究提供借鉴和启示。

关键词: 小流域, 混合地形, 空间分布特征, 瀛汶河

Abstract:

[Objective] Focusing on the Yingwen River Basin in Shandong Province, this study aims to explore the extraction, division, naming methods for small watersheds in mixed terrains, and to analyze spatial distribution characteristics of small watershed areas and river network densities. [Methods] This study utilized high-precision SRTM-DEM data, combined with hydrological analysis modules, to extract micro-watersheds, river networks, and watershed boundaries. The optimal catchment threshold was determined using the river network density method. Micro-watersheds were merged into small watershed units based on natural catchment relationships, and named according to Specification SL 653—2013. In complex terrain areas, local corrections were made by referencing high-resolution remote sensing images and field survey results to ensure the accuracy of the division. Meanwhile, the main stream, first-order tributaries, and second-order tributaries of the Yingwen River Basin were extracted, and the characteristics such as the area of small watersheds and the density of river networks were statistically analyzed. [Results](1) This study successfully extracted 1 main stream (the main stream of Yingwen River), 22 first-order tributaries, 48 second-order tributaries, and 1 large reservoir, establishing a complete water system network. (2) A total of 28 small watersheds were merged. Small watershed areas in upstream mountains were generally smaller, while those in downstream hilly plains were relatively larger. This was mainly caused by terrain limitations combined with human activities. (3) All 28 small watersheds were named based on the proposed naming process, providing strong support for watershed management and water resource protection. (4) The river network density in Yingwen River Basin exceeded 0.2 km/km², indicating abundant water system resources. Areas with river network densities of 0.4-0.6 km/km² accounted for 60.71% of the total area, mainly concentrated in the middle and lower reaches. Areas with densities of 0.6-0.8 km/km² accounted for 28.57%, distributed in the upper, middle, and lower reaches. [Conclusion] (1) The analytical framework for division, naming, and spatial distribution characteristics of small watersheds in mixed terrains proposed in this paper provides scientific methods and practical cases for similar studies. (2) Complete-type small watersheds are dominant, indicating relatively intact water systems with limited human disturbance. The spatial distribution characteristics of small watershed areas and river network densities reveal the combined influence of terrains and human activities on water system development. (3) The number of first-order tributaries in the Yingwen River Basin exhibits a significant increasing trend from upstream to downstream, reflecting the complexity of river network systems in middle and lower reaches and the promoting effect of human activities on water system development. The distribution characteristics of the length of tributaries per unit area and the density of river networks further reveal the abundance and spatial differences of water system resources within the basin.

Key words: small watershed, mixed terrain, spatial distribution characteristics, Yingwen River

中图分类号:

TV212.4流域规划

陈飞勇, 陈倩勋, 江倩倩, 马淑娟, 徐景涛, 任广欣, 成小翔, 王晋. 混合地形流域小流域划分命名及空间分布特征分析——以瀛汶河流域为例[J]. raybet体育在线院报, 2025, 42(5): 1-9.

CHEN Fei-yong, CHEN Qian-xun, JIANG Qian-qian, MA Shu-juan, XU Jing-tao, REN Guang-xin, CHENG Xiao-xiang, WANG Jin. Division, Naming, and Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Small Watersheds in Mixed Terrains:A Case Study of Yingwen River Basin[J]. Journal of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, 2025, 42(5): 1-9.

图/表 12

图1 瀛汶河地势分布示意

Fig.1 Terrain distribution of Yingwen River Basin

图2 小流域命名方法流程

Fig.2 Flowchart of small watershed naming method

图3 混合地形流域中的小流域划分命名及空间分布特征分析框架

Fig.3 Analytical framework for division, naming, and spatial distribution characteristics of small watersheds in mixed terrains

图4 水系提取结果

Fig.4 Extraction results of water system

图5 上中下游划分结果

Fig.5 Division results of upper, middle, and lower reaches

图6 小流域划分结果

Fig.6 Division results of small watersheds

图7 小流域命名结果

Fig.7 Naming results of small watersheds

图8 小流域划分类型结果

Fig.8 Divided patterns of small watersheds

表1 各小流域面积及河网密度

Table 1 Areas and river network densities of different small watersheds

图9 单位面积内一级支流长度分布

Fig.9 Distribution of first-order tributary length per unit area

图10 河网密度分布

Fig.10 Distribution of river network density

表2 瀛汶河流域单位面积支流长度与河网密度对比分析

Table 2 Comparative analysis of tributary length per unit area and river network density in Yingwen River Basin

流域	L_一级/km	L_二级/km		L/km		S/km²
上游	93.80	33.29		127.09		234.95
中游	87.72	70.11		157.83		301.89
下游	146.06	87.31		233.37		435.76
流域	ρ_一级/(km· km^-2)		ρ_二级/(km· km^-2)		ρ/(km· km^-2)
上游	0.40		0.14		0.54
中游	0.29		0.23		0.52
下游	0.34		0.20		0.53

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混合地形流域小流域划分命名及空间分布特征分析——以瀛汶河流域为例

Division, Naming, and Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Small Watersheds in Mixed Terrains:A Case Study of Yingwen River Basin

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