混合地形流域小流域划分命名及空间分布特征分析——以瀛汶河流域为例

陈飞勇; 陈倩勋; 江倩倩; 马淑娟; 徐景涛; 任广欣; 成小翔; 王晋

doi:10.11988/ckyyb.20240290

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raybet体育在线院报 ›› 2025, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (5) : 1-9. DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20240290

流域综合管理

混合地形流域小流域划分命名及空间分布特征分析——以瀛汶河流域为例

陈飞勇 ¹ ,
陈倩勋 ¹^,² ,
江倩倩 ³ ,
马淑娟 ² ,
徐景涛 ² ,
任广欣 ⁴ ,
成小翔 ² ,
王晋 ¹

作者信息 +

Division, Naming, and Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Small Watersheds in Mixed Terrains:A Case Study of Yingwen River Basin

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

以混合山地丘陵和平原地形,并包含大型水库的瀛汶河流域作为研究对象,提出了一种适用于混合地形流域中小流域的命名方法。利用WordView遥感数据和ArcGIS中的Hydrology水文分析模型,对该流域的空间分布特征进行了探索和分析。本研究得出如下结论:①共提取了1条主干流、22条一级支流、48条二级支流以及1个大型水库在内的完整水系网络;②根据本研究提出的混合地形小流域提取划分方法,最终得到了28个小流域,其中包括3个干流小流域和1个水库型小流域;③结合地形形态类型,小流域可分为坡面型、区间型和完整型,数量分别为3个、3个和22个,分别占比10.7%、10.7%和77.57%;④根据河网支流空间分布统计结果,流域上中下游的一级支流分叉数分别为0.33、0.77和1.50条二级水系/一级支流;⑤单位面积内一级支流长度与二级支流长度分布趋势相反,导致瀛汶河流域河网密度在上中下游的结果较为接近,为(0.53±0.1) km/km²。研究结果可为混合地形小流域的提取划分及空间特征分析等相关研究提供借鉴和启示。

Abstract

[Objective] Focusing on the Yingwen River Basin in Shandong Province, this study aims to explore the extraction, division, naming methods for small watersheds in mixed terrains, and to analyze spatial distribution characteristics of small watershed areas and river network densities. [Methods] This study utilized high-precision SRTM-DEM data, combined with hydrological analysis modules, to extract micro-watersheds, river networks, and watershed boundaries. The optimal catchment threshold was determined using the river network density method. Micro-watersheds were merged into small watershed units based on natural catchment relationships, and named according to Specification SL 653—2013. In complex terrain areas, local corrections were made by referencing high-resolution remote sensing images and field survey results to ensure the accuracy of the division. Meanwhile, the main stream, first-order tributaries, and second-order tributaries of the Yingwen River Basin were extracted, and the characteristics such as the area of small watersheds and the density of river networks were statistically analyzed. [Results](1) This study successfully extracted 1 main stream (the main stream of Yingwen River), 22 first-order tributaries, 48 second-order tributaries, and 1 large reservoir, establishing a complete water system network. (2) A total of 28 small watersheds were merged. Small watershed areas in upstream mountains were generally smaller, while those in downstream hilly plains were relatively larger. This was mainly caused by terrain limitations combined with human activities. (3) All 28 small watersheds were named based on the proposed naming process, providing strong support for watershed management and water resource protection. (4) The river network density in Yingwen River Basin exceeded 0.2 km/km², indicating abundant water system resources. Areas with river network densities of 0.4-0.6 km/km² accounted for 60.71% of the total area, mainly concentrated in the middle and lower reaches. Areas with densities of 0.6-0.8 km/km² accounted for 28.57%, distributed in the upper, middle, and lower reaches. [Conclusion] (1) The analytical framework for division, naming, and spatial distribution characteristics of small watersheds in mixed terrains proposed in this paper provides scientific methods and practical cases for similar studies. (2) Complete-type small watersheds are dominant, indicating relatively intact water systems with limited human disturbance. The spatial distribution characteristics of small watershed areas and river network densities reveal the combined influence of terrains and human activities on water system development. (3) The number of first-order tributaries in the Yingwen River Basin exhibits a significant increasing trend from upstream to downstream, reflecting the complexity of river network systems in middle and lower reaches and the promoting effect of human activities on water system development. The distribution characteristics of the length of tributaries per unit area and the density of river networks further reveal the abundance and spatial differences of water system resources within the basin.

导出引用

陈飞勇, 陈倩勋, 江倩倩, 等. 混合地形流域小流域划分命名及空间分布特征分析——以瀛汶河流域为例[J]. raybet体育在线院报. 2025, 42(5): 1-9 https://doi.org/10.11988/ckyyb.20240290

CHEN Fei-yong, CHEN Qian-xun, JIANG Qian-qian, et al. Division, Naming, and Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Small Watersheds in Mixed Terrains:A Case Study of Yingwen River Basin[J]. Journal of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute. 2025, 42(5): 1-9 https://doi.org/10.11988/ckyyb.20240290

中图分类号： TV212.4 (流域规划)

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摘要

在喀斯特地区,较大的地表坡降和坡地开发强度导致承载在地表景观上的污染物因地势和降水加倍迁移到河水中。以赤水河流域中上游为研究区,分别在全子流域、子流域坡地、子流域陡坡地三个层面上提取景观结构、景观开发强度和景观格局指数,研究各级坡地景观特征对水质的影响。结果表明：① 与总林地相比坡林地对水质潜在的“汇”作用更加显著;占总耕地面积不足1/7的陡坡耕地、却对河水中总磷（TP）和氨氮（NH<sub>3</sub>-N）浓度大小贡献显著（相关系数为0.608和0.614）。② 景观开发强度与各水质污染物指标呈现显著而稳定的正相关性,相关系数最高达0.960,它比单个景观对水质指标更具解释能力。③ 斑块形状复杂度、景观多样性、景观分离度均与水质污染物指标呈高度或显著正相关,且随着地形坡度的增大,水质污染物指标对景观散布与并列指数（IJI）和农香多样性指数（SHDI）越来越敏感。故减少对坡地尤其是陡坡地景观的不当人为干扰,对喀斯特地区流域水质保护有重要意义。

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