长江下游芜裕河段近期演变规律及其影响因素分析

doi:10.11988/ckyyb.20240095

raybet体育在线院报 ›› 2025, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (4): 10-18.DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20240095

长江下游芜裕河段近期演变规律及其影响因素分析

渠庚¹^,²(), 孙天印¹^,³(), 何子灿¹^,², 栾华龙¹^,², 郝婕妤¹^,²

¹ raybet体育在线河流研究所,武汉 430010
² raybet体育在线水利部长江中下游河湖治理与防洪重点实验,武汉 430010
³ 河海大学水利水电学院,南京 210098

收稿日期:2024-01-29 修回日期:2024-05-07 出版日期:2025-04-01 发布日期:2025-04-01
通信作者:
孙天印(2000-),男,湖南长沙人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为水力学及河流动力学。E-mail:sty_maj498173599@163.com
作者简介:
渠庚(1980-),男,江苏徐州人,正高级工程师,博士,主要从事江湖演变与治理研究。E-mail:qugeng0516@.163.com
基金资助:
长江水科学研究联合基金项目(U2240224); 长江水科学研究联合基金项目(U2240206); 中央级公益性院所长基金项目(CKSF2023328/HL); 中央级公益性院所长基金项目(CKSF2023343/HL); 湖北省自然科学基金项目(2021CFB146)

Recent Evolutionary Process and Influencing Factors in Wuhu-Yuxi Reach of Lower Yangtze River

QU Geng¹^,²(), SUN Tian-yin¹^,³(), HE Zi-can¹^,², LUAN Hua-long¹^,², HAO Jie-yu¹^,²

¹ River Research Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute,Wuhan 430010,China
² Key Laboratory of River and Lake Regulation and Flood Control in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Changjiang River of Ministry of Water Resources, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan 430010, China
³ College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China

Received:2024-01-29 Revised:2024-05-07 Published:2025-04-01 Online:2025-04-01

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 芜裕河段位于长江下游,是连接长三角城市群的重要纽带。三峡水库蓄水运行后该河段河床冲刷剧烈,洲滩格局相应调整,研究新水沙条件下芜裕河段的河势演变规律,对长江下游河段的保护与治理具有重要的理论和实践意义。基于芜裕河段多年实测数据,分析了三峡工程蓄水前后该河段河道演变的基本规律,并对其影响因素进行了探讨分析。结果表明:近期芜裕河段河势总体稳定,河床以冲刷为主,洲滩头部冲刷后退,急弯段和多汊段分别出现“凸冲凹淤”和“短支汊发展”的新特征;上游潜洲右汊发展、分流量增大以及中枯水历时增加导致的主流撇弯是急弯段“凸冲凹淤”的主要原因;“短支汊发展”的驱动因素则可归因于陈家洲多汊段左汊分流比增加,进而加剧陈捷水道、曹捷水道两短汊道冲刷。

关键词: 河床演变, 凸冲凹淤, 短支汊发展, 因素分析, 三峡水库运行, 分流比, 长江下游河段, 芜裕河段

Abstract:

The Wuhu-Yuxi reach, one of the vital links between cities in the Yangtze River Delta urban area, is located in the lower reaches of Yangtze River. Understanding the evolution of the Wuhu-Yuxi reach under new hydro-sedimentary conditions provides theoretical support for future flood control and river regulation. Observed field data for the Wuhu-Yuxi reach was analyzed to understand the altered flow-sediment regime and erosion-deposition features after the operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR). Results reveal that the Wuhu-Yuxi reach has remained generally stable. The riverbed is mainly subject to scouring, with the heads of sandbars eroded and retreating. Erosion on convex banks and deposition on concave banks have emerged in the sharp-bend section and the multi-braided section due to the development of the right sub-branch of upstream Qianzhou bar upstream which leads to an increased diversion ratio, and the mainstream chute cutoff resulted from the prolonged duration of medium-low water levels. Short sub-branches have also developed in the multi-braided section because the diversion ratio of the left sub-branch in the multi-braided section of Chenjiazhou bar has increased, which in turn intensifies the scouring of the Chenjie and Caojie waterways.

Key words: bed evolution, erosion on convex bank and deposition on concave bank, development of sub-branches, factor analysis, operation of TGR, diversion ratio, river channel of lower Yangtze River, Wuhu-Yuxi reach

中图分类号:

TV147

渠庚, 孙天印, 何子灿, 栾华龙, 郝婕妤. 长江下游芜裕河段近期演变规律及其影响因素分析[J]. raybet体育在线院报, 2025, 42(4): 10-18.

QU Geng, SUN Tian-yin, HE Zi-can, LUAN Hua-long, HAO Jie-yu. Recent Evolutionary Process and Influencing Factors in Wuhu-Yuxi Reach of Lower Yangtze River[J]. Journal of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, 2025, 42(4): 10-18.

图/表 12

图1 2016年芜裕河段河势

Fig.1 Regime of Wuhu-Yuxi reach in 2016

图2 大通站历年水沙条件变化情况

Fig.2 Changes in flow-sediment regime at Datong hydrological Station

图3 流量级持续时间变化

Fig.3 Changes in the duration of flow discharges

表1 芜裕河段历年平滩河槽冲淤量对比

Table 1 Changes of deposition and erosion volumes in Wuhu-Yuxi reach over years

年限	历年平滩河槽冲淤量/(万m³)					年均冲淤量/ (万m³)
年限	潜洲段	多汊段		芜裕河段		年均冲淤量/ (万m³)
1998—2002	774.06		3 354.91		4 128.97	1 032.24
2002—2006	1 806.76		-985.35		821.41	205.35
2006—2016	-1 402.58		-2 931.37		-4 333.95	-433.39
2016—2023	-4 653.20		-5 751.11		-10 404.30	-1 486.33
1998—2023	-3 474.95		-6 312.92		-9 787.87	-391.51

图4 潜洲段历年0 m岸线变化

Fig.4 Change of the bank line (0 m) of Qianzhou bar region over years

图5 潜洲段历年深泓线变化

Fig.5 Change of the thalweg of Qianzhou bar region over years

图6 历年潜洲面积变化(0 m线)

Fig.6 Change in the area of Qianzhou bar over years (0 m bankline)

图7 历年潜洲平面形态变化

Fig.7 Morphological change of Qianzhou bar over years

图8 潜洲段历年典型断面变化

Fig.8 Changes of typical cross-sections in Qianzhou bar region over years

图9 多汊段历年河势变化

Fig.9 Change of river regime in multi-braided region over years

图10 多汊段典型断面历年变化

Fig.10 Changes of typical cross-sections in multi-braided region over years

表2 芜裕河段近期分流比统计

Table 2 Recent flow diversion ratios in the Wuhu-Yuxi reach

测量日期	流量/(m³·s^-1)	流量级	分流比/%
测量日期	流量/(m³·s^-1)	流量级	曹姑洲左汊	曹姑洲右汊	陈捷水道	曹捷水道	陈家洲左汊	陈家洲右汊
2006-02	11 500		—	—	—	—	9.50	90.50
2008-03	13 000	枯水	—	—	—	—	8.53	91.47
2023-03	12 973		27.90	72.10	—	—	12.00	88.00
2013-03	18 900	中枯水	18.26	81.74	6.80	1.25	10.21	89.79
2016-02	18 670		30.30	69.70	8.83	7.35	14.12	85.88
2014-07	45 300	洪水	44.40	55.60	11.68	8.06	24.66	75.34
2015-07	48 000		44.92	55.08	10.43	14.89	19.60	80.40

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长江下游芜裕河段近期演变规律及其影响因素分析

Recent Evolutionary Process and Influencing Factors in Wuhu-Yuxi Reach of Lower Yangtze River

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