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Multi-objective Optimal Scheduling of Water-Carbon in Cascade Reservoirs during Impoundment for Carbon Emission Reduction
ZHOU Yan-lai, NING Zhi-hao, HE Jun-tao
Journal of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute ›› 2025, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (6) : 194-202.
PDF(6779 KB)
PDF(6779 KB)
Multi-objective Optimal Scheduling of Water-Carbon in Cascade Reservoirs during Impoundment for Carbon Emission Reduction
[Objectives] This study aims to optimize water-carbon coordinated scheduling during reservoir impoundment to improve power generation and storage rate, and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in reservoir operation. [Methods] Given that current studies on cascade reservoir impoundment scheduling have not yet incorporated carbon reduction objectives, this study proposed a multi-objective water-carbon scheduling model for cascade reservoirs during impoundment period based on the carbon emission factor method.An early storage strategy for cascade reservoirs was developed,and three objectives—minimizing flood control risk,maximizing power generation,and minimizing greenhouse gas emissions—were established.The Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm Ⅱ (NSGA-Ⅱ) was employed to derive optimal scheduling schemes for the impoundment period.[Results] A case study was conducted on a cascade system comprising six reservoirs in the middle and lower reaches of the Jinsha River and the Three Gorges Reservoir.The results showed that the three scheduling objectives on the Pareto frontier formed a spatial surface distribution,reflecting nonlinear competitive relationships among the objectives.Compared to the current scheduling scheme,the optimal scheduling scheme—while occupying 0-4.92% of the flood control storage capacity—achieved a 0.65%-3.60% increase in multi-year average power generation (by 0.723-4.026 billion kW·h/a), a 6.45%-22.43% reduction in multi-year average spilled water volume (by 1.582-5.503 billion m3/a), an 8.33%-9.85% decrease in multi-year average greenhouse gas emissions (by 38.55-45.63 Gg CO2 e/a), and a 9.49%-11.44% reduction in carbon emission intensity (by 0.39-0.47 kg CO2 e/MW·h). Typical year scheduling analyses were conducted for a wet year (2020) and a dry year (2022). In the wet year, the selected scheme with the minimum flood risk increased power generation by 3.341 billion kW·h/a and reduced direct GHG emissions by 39.53 Gg CO2 e/a without increasing flood risk compared to the current scheme. In the dry year, the scheme with the maximum power generation raised the final storage level of the Three Gorges Reservoir by nearly 2 meters, increased available water by 1.794 billion m3, and reduced direct greenhouse gas emissions by 15.32 Gg CO2 e/a, while meeting the minimum ecological flow constraints during the impoundment period. [Conclusions] This study develops a multi-objective scheduling model for cascade reservoirs during the impoundment period and analyzes the nonlinear synergy and competitive relationships between carbon emissions and traditional water resource utilization benefits. The NSGA-Ⅱ optimization solutions significantly improv the long-term average power generation and storage rate while reducing greenhouse gas emissions without compromising flood control standards. Scheduling analyses for both wet (2020) and dry (2022) years demonstrate that the proposed model is well-suited to different hydrological scenarios, achieving a balance between carbon reduction goals and traditional reservoir functions such as flood control, storage, power generation, and drought resistance. This research provides technical support for implementing coordinated water-carbon scheduling of cascade reservoirs during the impoundment period.
water-carbon scheduling / impoundment scheduling / carbon emissions / non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm / cascade reservoirs
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On the basis of our previous potential analysis, we further probed into the operation rules between different reservoirs and different cascades, gave the joint optimal scheduling diagram, and analyzed the sequences of water impoundment and discharging of involved power stations to improve the utilization efficiency of water resources. Results demonstrate that the release sequence of the reservoirs before flood season should be: Lianghekou-Longpan-Jinping I-Ertan-Xiangjiaba-Baihetan-Xiluodu-Wudongde. The overall water releasing idea is to give priority to the upstream reservoirs and keep the downstream power stations such as Xiluodu and Wudongde operating at high water level as far as possible to improve the overall power generation efficiency of the basin. The order of water storage in the reservoirs at the end of flood season should be: Jinping I-Longpan/Ertan-Lianghekou-Wudongde-Baihetan/Xiluodu-Xiangjiaba. The overall water storage idea is to release the flood control capacity of the upstream reservoirs to start storage on a priority basis so as to alleviate the flood control pressure in the downstream, and the storage in wet years should be delayed accordingly.
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受大气环流异常影响,2022年长江流域夏季高温伏旱持续时间长、影响范围广、致灾程度大。分析了近15 a来长江流域历年干旱灾害事件和本次干旱特征,以及长江流域抗旱减灾体系建设现状以及在2022年干旱应对中的成效。在此基础上,提出了新时期下抗旱减灾的总体应对思路:①以优化国土空间布局为切入点,从源头上规避干旱灾害风险;②以空间上的立体调蓄与时间上的峰蓄枯补为路径,实现干旱灾害的过程防控;③以优化水利工程运行调度方式为手段,实现防汛抗旱统筹调控;并针对旱情评估与预测、旱灾风险研判和旱灾风险应对共3个方面的关键环节,提出了抗旱减灾方面的科技需求。
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