A GeoPIV-RG-Based Method for Fine Measurement of Soil Deformation during Triaxial Test

LI Lin; CHEN Zhen-wang; CAI Yang; HU Xiao-die

doi:10.11988/ckyyb.20221456

PDF(3355 KB)

Journal of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute ›› 2024, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (4) : 131-139. DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20221456

Rock-Soil Engineering

A GeoPIV-RG-Based Method for Fine Measurement of Soil Deformation during Triaxial Test

LI Lin, CHEN Zhen-wang, CAI Yang, HU Xiao-die

Author information +

History +

Abstract

Triaxial test is widely utilized for characterizing soil mechanical behavior, during which soil volume and deformation is required to be measured. This paper introduces a real-time and precise measurement method for soil volume and deformation during triaxial testing, achieved through a GeoPIV-RG based approach using multi-media photogrammetry. This measurement process encompasses system setup, image capturing, multi-camera photogrammetric analysis, GeoPIV-RG-based 2D point cloud generation, 3D point cloud generation, point cloud stitching, end cut, mesh generation, and interpolation, followed by displacement and strain field calculation. To validate the accuracy and feasibility of this method, triaxial tests were conducted on steel cylinder and silt specimens. Test on steel cylinder confirmed that the proposed method accomplished soil volume measurement with an error of only 0.36%, while triaxial test on silt specimen demonstrated the method's capability in real-time and high-resolution full-field measurement of soil deformation. GeoPIV-RG enables the efficient extraction of point clouds on specimen surfaces and overcomes the limitations of the multi-media photogrammetric method. Moreover, the multi-media photogrammetric method broadens the application of GeoPIV-RG from two-dimensional and single-medium conditions to three-dimensional and multi-media settings. Overall, the proposed method presents an efficient and reliable solution for measuring soil deformation during triaxial testing.

Key words

GeoPIV-RG / photogrammetry / triaxial test / sample volume / full-field deformation

Cite this article

EndNote

Ris (Procite)

Bibtex

Download Citations

LI Lin, CHEN Zhen-wang, CAI Yang, HU Xiao-die. A GeoPIV-RG-Based Method for Fine Measurement of Soil Deformation during Triaxial Test[J]. Journal of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute. 2024, 41(4): 131-139 https://doi.org/10.11988/ckyyb.20221456

References

[1] CHANEY R C, DEMARS K R, MACARI E J, et al. Measurement of Volume Changes in Triaxial Tests Using Digital Imaging Techniques[J]. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 1997, 20(1): 103.
[2] LIN H, PENUMADU D. Strain Localization in Combined Axial-torsional Testing on Kaolin Clay[J]. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 2006, 132(5): 555-564.
[3] SUITS L D, SHEAHAN T C, GACHET P, et al. Automated Digital Image Processing for Volume Change Measurement in Triaxial Cells[J]. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 2007, 30(2): 100309.
[4] SUITS L D, SHEAHAN T C, UCHAIPICHAT A, et al. A Temperature Controlled Triaxial Apparatus for Testing Unsaturated Soils[J]. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 2011, 34(5): 103586.
[5] 邵龙潭,郭晓霞,刘港,等.数字图像测量技术在土工三轴试验中的应用[J].岩土力学,2015,36(增刊1):669-684.(SHAO Long-tan,GUO Xiao-xia,LIU Gang,et al.Application of Digital Image Measurement Technology in Geotechnical Triaxial Test[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(Supp.1):669-684.(in Chinese))
[6] 邵龙潭,刘潇,郭晓霞,等.土工三轴试验试样全表面变形测量的实现[J].岩土工程学报,2012,34(3):409-415.(SHAO Long-tan,LIU Xiao,GUO Xiao-xia,et al. Whole Surface Deformation Measurement of Triaxial Soil Specimen Based on Digital Image Processing[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2012,34(3): 409-415.(in Chinese))
[7] YAMAGUCHI I. A Laser-speckle Strain Gauge[J]. Journal of Physics E: Scientific Instruments, 1981, 14(11): 1270-1273.
[8] PETERS W H, RANSON W F. Digital Imaging Techniques in Experimental Stress Analysis[J]. Optical Engineering, 1982, 21(3): 427-431.
[9] SUITS L D, SHEAHAN T C, BHANDARI A R, et al. A Digital Image-based Deformation Measurement System for Triaxial Tests[J]. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 2012, 35(2): 103821.
[10] TANG Y, OKUBO S, XU J, et al. Study on the Progressive Failure Characteristics of Coal in Uniaxial and Triaxial Compression Conditions Using 3D-digital Image Correlation[J]. Energies, 2018, 11(5): 1215.
[11] ADRIAN R J. Particle-imaging Techniques for Experimental Fluid-mechanics[J]. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 1991, 23: 261-304.
[12] GREGORIO F D. PIV Technique Assessment in Icing Wind Tunnel[M]. New York: Springer-Verlag, 2008.
[13] 禹明忠,王兴奎,庞东明,等.PIV流场量测中图像变形的修正[J].泥沙研究,2001(5):59-62.(YU Ming-zhong,WANG Xing-kui,PANG Dong-ming,et al.Calibration of the Image Distortion in Measuring Velocity Field with PIV[J]. Journal of Sediment Research,2001(5):59-62.(in Chinese))
[14] WHITE D J, TAKE W A, BOLTON M D,et al. A Deformation Measuring System for Geotechnical Testing Based on Digital Imaging, Close Range Photogrammetry and PIV Image Analysis[C] ∥ Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. Rotterdam: Balkema. Istanbul, Turkey. August 27-31, 2001: 539-542.
[15] WHITE D, RANDOLPH M, THOMPSON B. An Image-based Deformation Measurement System for the Geotechnical Centrifuge[J]. International Journal of Physical Modelling in Geotechnics, 2005, 5(3): 1-12.
[16] 刘君, 刘福海, 孔宪京, 等. PIV技术在大型振动台模型试验中的应用[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2010, 32(3): 368-374. (LIU Jun, LIU Fu-hai, KONG Xian-jing, et al. Application of PIV in Large-scale Shaking Table Model Tests[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2010, 32(3): 368-374.(in Chinese))
[17] 刘振亚, 刘建坤, 李旭, 等. PIV技术在非饱和冻土冻胀模型试验中的实现与灰度相关性分析[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2018, 40(2): 313-320. (LIU Zhen-ya, LIU Jian-kun, LI Xu, et al. Application of PIV in Model Tests on Frozen Unsaturated Soils and Grayscale Correlation Analysis[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2018, 40(2): 313-320.(in Chinese))
[18] 张昕, 乐金朝, 刘汉东. PIV测量技术在锚板板周土体变形场研究中的应用[J]. 郑州大学学报(工学版), 2011, 32(5): 20-23. (ZHANG Xin, YUE Jin-chao, LIU Han-dong. Application of PIV Technique to Research on Sand Deformation around Plate Anchors[J]. Journal of Zhengzhou University (Engineering Science), 2011, 32(5): 20-23.(in Chinese))
[19] ZHANG X, LI L, CHEN G,et al. A Photogrammetry-based Method to Measure Total and Local Volume Changes of Unsaturated Soils during Triaxial Testing[J]. Acta Geotechnica, 2015, 10(1): 55-82.
[20] LI L,ZHANG X.Factors Influencing the Accuracy of the Photogrammetry-based Deformation Measurement Method[J]. Acta Geotechnica,2019,14(2):559-574.
[21] LI L, ZHANG X, CHEN G,et al. Measuring Unsaturated Soil Deformations during Triaxial Testing Using a Photogrammetry-based Method[J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 2016, 53(3): 472-489.
[22] LI L, ZHANG X. A New Triaxial Testing System for Unsaturated Soil Characterization[J]. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 2015, 38(6): 20140201.
[23] LI L, LU Y, CAI Y,et al. A Calibration Technique to Improve Accuracy of the Photogrammetry-based Deformation Measurement Method for Triaxial Testing[J]. Acta Geotechnica, 2021, 16(4): 1053-1060.
[24] LI L, LI P,CAI Y, et al. Visualization of Non-uniform Soil Deformation during Triaxial Testing[J]. Acta Geotechnica, 2021, 16(11): 3439-3454.
[25] 蔡阳, 李林, 路毅. 三轴试样绝对体积测量方法研究[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2021, 43(12): 2300-2307. (CAI Yang, LI Lin, LU Yi. Measuring Absolute Volume of Triaxial Soil Specimens[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2021, 43(12): 2300-2307.(in Chinese))
[26] FAYEK S, XIA X, LI L,et al. Photogrammetry-based Method to Determine the Absolute Volume of Soil Specimen during Triaxial Testing[J]. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2020, 2674(8): 206-218.