城镇化与生态环境之间客观上存在着极其复杂的近远程非线性耦合关系,如何协调城镇化与生态环境的关系问题已上升为全球性战略问题和世界性科学难题。本文从理论上揭示了城镇化与生态环境交互作用的耦合性、耦合关系和耦合度;根据主控要素总结出了城镇化与生态环境耦合的10种关系和交互方式;根据耦合度强弱将耦合性分为低度耦合、较低耦合、中度耦合、较高耦合、高度耦合和完全耦合6种类型,分别对应随性耦合、间接耦合、松散耦合、协同耦合、紧密耦合和控制耦合,进而形成城镇化与生态环境耦合塔;创建了城镇化与生态环境耦合圈理论,按每旋转10°生成一个图谱构建了由直线图谱、指数曲线图谱、对数曲线图谱、双指数曲线图谱和“S”型曲线图谱等组合而成的45种耦合图谱,不同图谱对应着不同的城市发展阶段和发展模式。在多种耦合图谱中,认为“S”型曲线耦合图谱是最佳图谱,代表着多种图谱中体现城镇化与生态环境相互作用的最佳耦合状态。以“S”型曲线耦合图谱为依托,借助SD模型及各变量之间存在的一对一、一对多和多对多的复杂关系,构建了由11个调控要素和201个变量构成的耦合调控器（UEC）,只要一个变量发生变化,就会牵一发而动全身,影响整个耦合调控器的结构、功能和调控结果。这种耦合调控器包括同一时间多个城市城镇化圈与生态环境圈之间的静态调控、不同时间同一城市城镇化圈与生态环境圈之间的动态调控、不同时间多个城市城镇化圈与生态环境圈之间的动态调控3种时空尺度,通过调控将逐步推动城镇化圈与生态环境圈之间由低级耦合向高级耦合方向演进。

There is an extremely complex nonlinear coupling relationship between urbanization and eco-environment. How to coordinate this relationship has become a global strategic problem and a worldwide scientific problem. First, based on theoretical analysis, this paper revealed the coupling, coupling relationship, coupling degree and coupling tower of interaction between urbanization and eco-environment. Second, by analyzing the main controlling factors, ten kinds of interaction modes between urbanization and eco-environment are summarized. Third, according to the strength of coupling degree, we have identified six coupling types, including low coupling, slight coupling, moderate coupling, high coupling, excellent coupling, and full coupling, which correspond to the random coupling, indirect coupling, loose coupling, synergistic coupling, tight coupling and control coupling, respectively. Then, urbanization and eco-environment coupling tower was formed. Finally, the theory of urbanization and eco-environment coupling coil was established. Through rotating the graph by 10°, we built 45 kinds of coupled graphs, including linear graph, index curve graph, logarithmic curve graph, double index curve graph and S-shaped curve graph. Different graphs represent different urban development modes, stages and characteristics. Among them, S-shaped curve coupled graph is optimal, and it reflects the best state of urbanization and eco-environment coupling. After that, we amplified the S-shaped coupled graph, and then constructed a coupler (UEC) based on the SD model and the complex relationship between different variables. The coupler consists of 11 regulatory elements and 201 variables, and can control the coupling state between urbanization coil and eco-environment coil. In general, the above control types include static control of multiple cities at the same time, dynamic control of a single city at different times, and dynamic control of multiple cities at different times. Through coupler control, urbanization coil and eco-environment coil can keep the best dynamic and orderly state. In addition, if one variable changes, the structure, function and simulation results of the coupler will also be affected. Finally, with the increase of control intensity, the coupler will gradually improve the coupling degree between urbanization coil and ecological environment coil.

流域水资源脆弱性评价可以量化表现出水资源的脆弱性程度，客观地反映研究区的水安全状况。根据水资源脆弱性的表现形式及成因，设置了水量、水质、洪涝灾害、旱灾4个一级指标，自然因素、人为因素、承载因素3个二级指标，分级构建了水资源脆弱性评价指标体系，在线性加权法的基础上采用熵权法构建了水资源脆弱性评价模型。以淮河流域为例进行实证分析，从时间、空间2个维度上对2003—2012年淮河流域整体及流域内的4个省份进行水资源脆弱性评价。结果表明时间上，10 a间淮河流域整体水资源脆弱度数值逐年减小，水资源脆弱性呈现好转趋势，流域内河南、安徽、江苏、山东4省的水资源脆弱性在10 a间均有所缓解;空间上，淮河流域水资源自西向东越来越脆弱。研究结果表明目前淮河流域水资源脆弱性状况呈现好转趋势，但仍然存在一些问题，有待进一步管理和调控。

Assessment of basin water resources vulnerability reflects the water security conditions of the research area in an objective way by quantifying the degree of water resources vulnerability. According to the manifestation and causes of water resources' vulnerability, we built an evaluation indices system which consists of four primary indicators including water yield, water quality, flood disaster and drought and three secondary indicators of natural factor, human factor and carrying factor. On this basis, we constructed an assessment model for water resource vulnerability by using the entropy weight method in association with the linear weighting method. In this research we took Huaihe River basin as an example and assessed the water resources vulnerability of four provinces in 2003-2012 from two dimensions of time and space. The results showed that in terms of the time dimension, the value of water resources vulnerability in Huaihe River basin decreased in the decade, indicating that the vulnerability of water resources in the four provinces was improving; while in terms of the space dimension, water resources in Huaihe River basin was becoming more and more fragile from the west to the east. Research shows that the water resources vulnerability in Huaihe River basin presents a trend of improvement, but there are still some problems that need further management and regulation.