The submergence ratio of landslide is an important factor that affects the generation and propagation of landslide-generated surge wave.The effects of slide scale,sliding velocity,and water depth on surge wave properties are investigated via indoor physical modelling of a granular landslide based on orthogonal test.The research findings are presented as follows:(1)In the case of entire submergence of landslide body,the head wave is featured with large amplitude,gentle wave fronts and steep wave rears and a symmetrical wave profile both to the vertical and the horizontal axes,propagating in a “creeping” state.In the case of partial submergence of the sliding body,the surge waves feature obvious head wave crests,sharp initial form,a symmetrical wave profile to the vertical axis,and no obvious valley.(2)A method of classifying wave type is proposed based on the relationship between unit-width volume ratio R and Froude number Fr.The types of landslide-generated waves are divided into stokes-like waves,cnoidal-or solitary-like waves,and bore-like waves.The dividing equations are defined.(3)A predictive model for maximum wave amplitude is obtained in consideration of parameter R.Four cases of landslide surge are taken to verify the reliability of the model,and the calculated results are found to be in good agreement with experimental data.The research findings are of referential value for predicting the landslide-generated wave in both deep water and shallow water.
Key words
landslide surge /
granular landslide /
wave amplitude /
wave type classification /
predictive model /
physical model experiment
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