淮河中游典型分汊河道水沙特性及分水分沙规律

doi:10.11988/ckyyb.20240780

raybet体育在线院报 ›› 2025, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (7): 24-31.DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20240780

淮河中游典型分汊河道水沙特性及分水分沙规律

张辉¹^,²(), 倪晋¹^,², 贲鹏¹^,², 王久晟¹^,²

¹ 安徽省·水利部淮河水利委员会水利科学研究院水工河工研究所,合肥 230000
² 安徽省·水利部淮河水利委员会水利科学研究院安徽省水科学与智慧水利重点实验室,合肥 230000

收稿日期:2024-07-24 修回日期:2024-11-23 出版日期:2025-07-01 发布日期:2025-07-01
作者简介:
张辉(1993-),男,安徽阜阳人,工程师,硕士,主要从事河道治理与水环境保护的研究。E-mail:1103177269@qq.com
基金资助:
安徽省自然科学基金项目(2208085US04); 安徽省自然科学基金项目(2308085US10); 安徽省·水利部淮河水利委员会水利科学研究院青年科技创新计划项目(KY202202); 安徽省·水利部淮河水利委员会水利科学研究院青年科技创新计划项目(KY202302)

Water-Sediment Characteristics and Flow-Sediment Diversion Patterns in Typical Bifurcated Channels in the Middle Reaches of Huaihe River

ZHANG Hui¹^,²(), NI Jin¹^,², BEN Peng¹^,², WANG Jiu-sheng¹^,²

¹ River Engineering Department, Anhui & Huaihe River Institute of Hydraulic Research, Hefei 230000, China
² Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Science and Intelligent Water Conservancy, Anhui & Huaihe River Institute of Hydraulic Research, Hefei 230000, China

Received:2024-07-24 Revised:2024-11-23 Published:2025-07-01 Online:2025-07-01

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明确淮河中游典型分汊河道水沙特性变化及分水分沙规律,采用累积距平、M-K分析法、R/S分析法和Morlet小波分析法等方法,研究了分汊河道濛洼段1985—2020年来水来沙特性,探讨了水沙条件突变及变化趋势的驱动因素,基于水沙关系曲线分析了水沙协同关系与输沙能力的变化,定量给出了濛洼段各汊分流比和含沙量比。结果表明:王家坝站(总)年径流量总体未呈明显增减趋势,含沙量则表现出明显的减小趋势,未来一段时间继续呈减小趋势,在1995年左右发生突变,水库拦沙、农业种植改变下垫面及水土保持措施是含沙量减小的主要驱动因素;来沙系数呈减少趋势,外界影响系数a值逐渐减少,输沙特性拟合系数b值逐渐增大;濛河分流比与本段总来流基本呈正相关,随着流量增加,濛河分流的权重也逐渐升高,6 000 m³/s流量级以下分流能力略有萎缩,6 000 m³/s流量级可以与淮河干流平分上游来流,各汊点河道的含沙量比值近似等于各河道的水流挟沙力比值。以上结果为淮河中游水沙数值模拟中分汊河道含沙量计算模式提供理论支撑,为淮河中游河道整治采用长距离疏浚方案提供科学依据。

关键词: 分汊河道, 水沙特征, 驱动因素, 水沙关系, 分水分沙规律, 淮河中游

Abstract:

[Objective] Current research on water-sediment characteristics of the Huaihe River mainstream mainly focuses on single channels, while studies on water-sediment characteristics, relationships, and diversion patterns in its bifurcated channels are limited. This study selects the typical bifurcated section from Wangjiaba to Nanzhaoji (hereinafter referred to as “Mengwa section”) in the middle reaches of the Huaihe River, aiming to clarify the variations in water-sediment characteristics and diversion patterns of typical bifurcated channels. [Methods] A combination of cumulative anomaly analysis, Mann-Kendall (M-K) trend test, R/S analysis, and Morlet wavelet analysis was used to study the water-sediment inflow characteristics of the bifurcated channels in the Mengwa section from 1985 to 2020. The driving factors of abrupt changes and variation trends in water and sediment conditions were explored. The water-sediment coordination relationships and sediment transport capacity variations were evaluated using water-sediment relationship curves, and quantitative ratios of flow and sediment diversion across bifurcated channels of the Mengwa section were provided. [Results] The annual runoff at Wangjiaba station (total) showed no significant increasing or decreasing trend, while the sediment concentration displayed a pronounced decreasing trend, stabilizing below 0.15 kg/m³ after 2010 and continuing to decrease in the future. An abrupt change occurred around 1995. Sediment retention by reservoirs, agricultural land use changes altering underlying surfaces, and soil and water conservation measures were the primary driving factors of sediment concentration reduction. The sediment coefficient showed a decreasing trend, with external influence coefficient “a” gradually decreasing and sediment transport fitting coefficient “b” gradually increasing. This indicated a continuous reduction in sediment inflow intensity and an enhancement of the channel’s sediment transport capacity, promoting channel scouring. Meanwhile, the main channel cross-section exhibited sustained expansion, indicating an ongoing erosional state in this river section. The flow diversion ratio of the Menghe River was generally positively correlated with total flow in this section. At 2 000 m³/s (low-to-medium flow level), the main channel on the Huaihe River’s southern branch served as the primary flow passage. As the flow increased, the weight diverted through the Meng River progressively rose. Below the flow level of 6 000m³/s, its diversion capacity slightly declined, while at 6 000m³/s, the flow achieved equitable flow diversion with the mainstream of the Huaihe River. The sediment concentration ratios of each bifurcated channel were approximately equal to the ratios of their respective flow sediment transport capacity. [Conclusion] These findings provide theoretical support for sediment concentration calculation models in bifurcated channels during numerical simulations of water and sediment dynamics in the middle reaches of the Huaihe River, while offering a scientific basis for adopting long-distance dredging schemes in the river’s channel regulation strategies.

Key words: bifurcated channel, water-sediment characteristics, driving factors, water-sediment relationship, flow-sediment diversion patterns, middle reach of Huaihe River

中图分类号:

TV147

张辉, 倪晋, 贲鹏, 王久晟. 淮河中游典型分汊河道水沙特性及分水分沙规律[J]. raybet体育在线院报, 2025, 42(7): 24-31.

ZHANG Hui, NI Jin, BEN Peng, WANG Jiu-sheng. Water-Sediment Characteristics and Flow-Sediment Diversion Patterns in Typical Bifurcated Channels in the Middle Reaches of Huaihe River[J]. Journal of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, 2025, 42(7): 24-31.

图/表 13

图1 濛洼段汊道示意图及水文站网分布

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of bifurcated channels and distribution of hydrological station network in Mengwa section

图2 王家坝站(总)径流量和年含沙量逐年变化

Fig.2 Annual variations in runoff and sediment concentration at Wangjiaba station (total)

图3 王家坝站(总)M-K法统计量曲线

Fig.3 M-K test statistical curves at Wangjiaba station (total)

图4 王家坝站(总)径流量和含沙量R/S法统计量曲线

Fig. 4 R/S statistical curves of runoff and sediment concentration at Wangjiaba station (total)

图5 王家坝站(总)水沙序列小波系数实部等值线图注:实线代表正值,虚线代表负值。

Fig.5 Contour maps of real part of wavelet coefficients for water-sediment series at Wangjiaba station (total)

图6 王家坝(总)水沙小波方差分布

Fig.6 Wavelet variance distribution of water-sediment series at Wangjiaba station (total)

图7 王家坝(总)输沙量-径流量双累计曲线

Fig.7 Double cumulative curves of sediment transport and runoff at Wangjiaba station (total)

图8 王家坝(总)多年平均来沙系数变化

Fig.8 Variations in annual average sediment coefficient at Wangjiaba station (total)

图9 王家坝(总)年均流量与输沙率的水沙关系曲线

Fig.9 Water-sediment relationship curves between annual average runoff and sediment transport rate at Wangjiaba station (total)

表1 王家坝站(总)水沙关系系数

Table 1 Water-sediment relationship coefficients at Wangjiaba station (total)

时间段	a	b	R²
1985—1995年	0.021	1.527	0.872
1996—2020年	0.007	1.615	0.910

图10 濛洼段不同流量级下濛河分洪道分流比

Fig.10 Diversion ratio of Menghe River’s flood diversion channel under different flow levels in Mengwa section

图11 濛河分洪道实测分流比和分沙比关系

Fig.11 Measured relationship between flow diversion ratio and sediment diversion ratio of Menghe River’s flood diversion channel

图12 王家坝站(干)、钐岗站含沙量比值与两者挟沙力比值关系曲线

Fig.12 Relationship curves between sediment concentration ratio and sediment transport capacity ratio at Wangjiaba station and Shangang station

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淮河中游典型分汊河道水沙特性及分水分沙规律

Water-Sediment Characteristics and Flow-Sediment Diversion Patterns in Typical Bifurcated Channels in the Middle Reaches of Huaihe River

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