滴头端面倾角对滴灌管局部水头损失的影响

doi:10.11988/ckyyb.20240207

raybet体育在线院报 ›› 2025, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (5): 138-146.DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20240207

滴头端面倾角对滴灌管局部水头损失的影响

王亚林¹(), 吴雨芯², 朱士江¹(), 赵树君², 夏栋¹

¹ 三峡库区生态环境教育部工程研究中心,湖北宜昌 443000
² 三峡大学水利与环境学院,湖北宜昌 443000

收稿日期:2024-03-06 修回日期:2024-06-04 出版日期:2025-05-01 发布日期:2025-05-01
通信作者:
朱士江(1980-),男,河南南阳人,副教授,博士,主要从事节水灌溉理论与装备、岸坡防护及生态修复研究。E-mail: zhusjiang@gmail.com
作者简介:
王亚林(1986-),男,山东烟台人,讲师,博士,主要从事节水灌溉理论与装备、岸坡防护及生态修复研究。E-mail: gmxh535@163.com
基金资助:
湖北省教育厅科技计划重点项目(D20221206); 江西省水利科技重点项目(202124ZDKT29); 三峡库区生态环境教育部工程研究中心开放基金项目(KF202302)

Effect of End Face Inclination Angles of Emitters on Local Head Loss in Drip Irrigation Pipes

WANG Ya-lin¹(), WU Yu-xin², ZHU Shi-jiang¹(), ZHAO Shu-jun², XIA Dong¹

¹ Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Eco-environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, China
² College of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, China

Received:2024-03-06 Revised:2024-06-04 Published:2025-05-01 Online:2025-05-01

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为研究滴头端面倾角对滴灌管局部水头损失的影响,以内镶圆柱式滴头为研究对象,对滴头边壁端面进行改变倾角设计,设置15°、30°、45°和90°这4个水平,进行灌水试验和数值模拟。结果表明:滴灌管渐缩段和渐扩段流速及压力变化梯度随滴头端面倾角的减小而降低;通过量纲和谐原理及多元回归分析,构建了考虑滴头端面倾角的滴灌管局部水头损失计算模型,滴灌管局部水头损失与端面倾角余切值的0.706次方成反比;通过算例分析,管长60 m、滴头间距0.6 m,端面倾角分别为15°、30°、45°滴灌管较同规格端面倾角为90°的滴灌管局部水头损失分别降至原来的26.0%、44.7%、65.0%,滴头端面倾斜设计可显著降低滴灌管局部水头损失。研究结果可为滴灌设计及管网优化提供一定参考。

关键词: 滴头, 端面倾角, 局部水头损失, 数值模拟, 水力特性

Abstract:

[Objective] Taking inline cylindrical emitters as the research object, this study modifies the inclination angle of the emitter’s sidewall end face to investigate the effects of structural optimization on local head loss in drip irrigation pipes. [Methods] The end faces of the inline cylindrical emitters were structurally optimized, with inclination angles set as explanatory variables at four levels: 15°, 30°, 45°, and 90°. Irrigation experiments and numerical simulations were conducted, and the results were processed using the principle of dimensional homogeneity and multiple regression analysis. [Results] The results showed that the velocity and pressure gradients in the convergent and divergent sections of the drip irrigation pipe decreased as the inclination angle of the emitter end face decreased. Based on the principle of dimensional homogeneity and multiple regression analysis, a calculation model for local head loss in drip irrigation pipes incorporating the inclination angle of emitter end face was established. The local head loss was found to be inversely proportional to the 0.706 power of the cotangent of the inclination angle. Case analysis demonstrated that for a 60-m drip irrigation pipe with 0.6-m emitter spacing, the local head loss at inclination angles of 15°, 30°, and 45° decreased to 26.0%, 44.7%, and 65.0% of that at 90°, respectively. For a 60-m drip pipe with 1-m emitter spacing, the local head loss at inclination angles of 15°, 30°, and 45° decreased to 29.6%, 48.1%, and 74.1% of that at 90°, respectively. [Conclusion] In conclusion, the inclined design of the emitter’s end face can significantly reduce local head loss in drip irrigation pipes. Considering manufacturing complexity and cost, an inclination angle of 15° is recommended. These findings can provide references for drip irrigation design and pipe network optimization.

Key words: emitter, end face inclination angle, local head loss, numerical simulation, hydraulic characteristics

中图分类号:

S275.6

王亚林, 吴雨芯, 朱士江, 赵树君, 夏栋. 滴头端面倾角对滴灌管局部水头损失的影响[J]. raybet体育在线院报, 2025, 42(5): 138-146.

WANG Ya-lin, WU Yu-xin, ZHU Shi-jiang, ZHAO Shu-jun, XIA Dong. Effect of End Face Inclination Angles of Emitters on Local Head Loss in Drip Irrigation Pipes[J]. Journal of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, 2025, 42(5): 138-146.

图/表 15

图1 内镶圆柱式滴头的模型

Fig.1 Model of inline cylindrical emitter

图2 试验装置示意

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of test setup

表1 试验方案

Table 1 Test schemes

组号	毛管外径/mm	毛管内径/mm	滴头外表长/ mm	滴头内表长/ mm	滴头厚度/ mm	CotA	倾角 A/(°)
E1	12	10.68	40.00	40.00	1.09	0	90
E2	16	14.34	40.00	40.00	1.37	0	90
E3	16	14.34	40.00	37.26	1.37	1.00	45
E4	16	14.34	40.00	35.26	1.37	1.73	30
E5	16	14.34	40.00	29.78	1.37	3.73	15

图3 滴头实体

Fig.3 Photo of emitters

表2 模拟方案

Table 2 Simulation schemes

组号	毛管内径 D/mm	滴头外表长l₁/mm	滴头内表长l₂/mm	滴头厚度 d/mm	CotA	倾角 A/(°)
D1	14.34	40.00	40.00	1.37	0.00	90
D2	14.34	40.00	37.26	1.37	1.00	45
D3	14.34	40.00	35.26	1.37	1.73	30
D4	14.34	40.00	29.78	1.37	3.73	15
D5	14.34	40.00	40.00	1.09	0.00	90
D6	14.34	40.00	37.82	1.09	1.00	45
D7	14.34	40.00	36.23	1.09	1.73	30
D8	14.34	40.00	31.86	1.09	3.73	15
D9	10.68	40.00	40.00	1.37	0.00	90
D10	10.68	40.00	37.26	1.37	1.00	45
D11	10.68	40.00	35.26	1.37	1.73	30
D12	10.68	40.00	29.78	1.37	3.73	15
D13	10.68	40.00	40.00	1.09	0.00	90
D14	10.68	40.00	37.82	1.09	1.00	45
D15	10.68	40.00	36.23	1.09	1.73	30
D16	10.68	40.00	31.86	1.09	3.73	15

表3 滴头局部水头损失相关量纲一的π项

Table 3 Dimension-one terms related to local head loss of emitter

Π项	Π₁	Π₂	Π₃	Π₄	Π₅
表达式	$h f d$	$l 1 - l 2 2 d$	$D d$	$g d v 2$	$u d v$

表3 滴头局部水头损失相关量纲一的π项

Table 3 Dimension-one terms related to local head loss of emitter

Π项	Π₁	Π₂	Π₃	Π₄	Π₅
表达式	$h f d$	$l 1 - l 2 2 d$	$D d$	$g d v 2$	$u d v$

图4 总水头损失实测值与模拟值对比

Fig.4 Comparison of total head loss between measured and simulated values

表4 回归分析结果

Table 4 Results of regression analysis

测试项目	非标准回归系数	显著性检验值t值	显著性P值
常数	6.337	12.312	<0.01
D/d	-1.917	-26.210	<0.01
cotA	-0.706	-35.489	<0.01
gd/v²	-1.096	-27.372	<0.01
u/(dv)	0.408	5.116	<0.01

图5 局部水头损失实测值与计算值对比

Fig.5 Comparison of local head loss between measured and calculated values

表5 评价指标

Table 5 Evaluation indicators

端面倾角/(°)	决定系数R²	纳什效率系数NSE
45	0.999 7	0.993 5
30	0.998 7	0.983 0
15	0.998 6	0.985 1

图6 不同端面倾角滴头横向流速分布

Fig.6 Lateral flow velocity distribution of emitters with different end face inclination angles

图7 不同端面倾角滴头纵向流速分布

Fig.7 Longitudinal flow velocity distribution of emitters with different end face inclination angles

图8 不同端面倾角滴头横向压力分布

Fig.8 Lateral pressure distribution of emitters with different end face inclination angles

图9 不同端面倾角滴头纵向压力分布

Fig.9 Longitudinal pressure distribution of emitters with different end face inclination angles

表6 不同端面倾角滴头滴灌管的水头损失对比

Table 6 Comparison of head loss in drip irrigation pipes under different end face inclination angles

组号	S/m	A/(°)	Δh_j/m	Δh/m	Δh_j/Δh_f	(Δh_j_i/Δh_j1)/%
N1	0.6	90	0.123	0.220	1.26	—
N2		45°	0.080	0.178	0.83	65.0
N3		30°	0.055	0.152	0.56	44.7
N4		15°	0.032	0.129	0.33	26.0
N1	1	90°	0.027	0.068	0.64	—
N2		45°	0.020	0.061	0.47	74.1
N3		30°	0.013	0.055	0.32	48.1
N4		15°	0.008	0.049	0.19	29.6

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滴头端面倾角对滴灌管局部水头损失的影响

Effect of End Face Inclination Angles of Emitters on Local Head Loss in Drip Irrigation Pipes

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