辽河流域水资源可达性评价

doi:10.11988/ckyyb.20231021

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

水资源可达性是评价区域取用水难易程度的重要标准,能够反映一个地区或流域水资源的空间差异,受气候、生态环境、经济发展等因素的影响,因此选取坡度、相对高差、径流深、水质分布、土地利用类型这5个空间因子指标并耦合最小累计阻力(MCR)模型对辽河流域网格尺度水资源可达性进行评价,并对水资源可达性与空间需水量进行耦合协调度分析。研究区水资源可达性指数处于0.164~1.0之间,自北向南逐渐递增;研究区水资源可达性与空间需水量的耦合协调度在0.352~0.916之间,以区县为基本单位,流域内耦合协调度轻度失调(0.3~0.4)、濒临失调(0.4~0.5)、勉强协调(0.5~0.6)的区域分别占0.56%、0.46%、0.74%,良好协调(0.8~0.9)和高度协调(0.9~1.0)的区域分别占30.8%和0.9%。

关键词: 水资源可达性, 耦合协调度, MCR模型, 辽河流域

Abstract:

Water accessibility is a crucial criterion for assessing the difficulty of accessing water resources in a region as it reflects the spatial difference of water resources within a specific region or basin. Water accessibility is influenced by climate, ecological environment, economic development, and other factors. In this study, we selected five spatial factor indicators—including slope gradient, relative height difference, runoff depth, water quality distribution, and land use type—and integrated them into the Minimum Cumulative Resistance (MCR) model to evaluate water resource accessibility on a grid scale in the Liaohe River Basin. Additionally, we analyzed the degree of coupling coordination between water resource accessibility and spatial water demand. Results reveal that the water resource accessibility index in the study area ranges from 0.164 to 1.0, exhibiting a gradual increase from north to south. The degree of coupling coordination between water resource accessibility and spatial water demand varies from 0.352 to 0.916, with districts and counties as the basic units. Within the basin, slightly uncoordinated areas (with a degree of coupling coordination at 0.3-0.4), nearly uncoordinated (0.4-0.5), and intermediately coordinated (0.5-0.6) account for 0.56%, 0.46%, and 0.74%, respectively. In contrast, areas with excellent coordination (0.6-0.8) and high-quality coordination (0.8-1.0) represent 30.8% and 0.9%, respectively.

Keywords:; ; ;

Key words: water resources accessibility, coupling coordination degree, MCR model, Liaohe River Basin

中图分类号:

X37自然资源合理开发与环境保护

李治军, 庞博文, 郝永刚. 辽河流域水资源可达性评价[J]. raybet体育在线院报, 2025, 42(2): 29-35.

LI Zhi-jun, PANG Bo-wen, HAO Yong-gang. Assessment of Water Resources Accessibility in the Liaohe River Basin[J]. Journal of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, 2025, 42(2): 29-35.

图/表 13

图1 辽河流域地理位置

Fig.1 Geographical location of Liaohe River Basin

图2 协同克里金插值降雨量

Fig.2 Synergistic Kriging interpolation of rainfall

表1 水库供水区域与径流深

Table 1 Water supply range and runoff depth of reservoir

水库名称	供水区域	折算径流深/mm
大伙房水库	沈阳市、辽阳市、盘锦市、抚顺市	39.25
观音阁水库	辽阳市、盘锦市	48.57
参窝水库	辽阳市、本溪市	22.13
汤河水库	辽阳市、鞍山市	12.25
柴河水库、清河水库	铁岭市	40.48
二龙山水库	四平市	35.37
红山水库	翁牛特旗、敖汉旗	14.83
疙瘩楼水库	盘锦市	9.34
莫力庙水库	科尔沁区	5.23

图3 MCR模型原理

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of minimum cumulative resistance model

表2 阻力因子的阻力评分

Table 2 Resistance value scores of resistance factors

相对高差/m	土地利用类型	坡度/(°)	阻力评分
[-271,0)	水域	[0,3)	1
[0,278)	耕地、绿地、交通用地	[3,8)	3
[278,454)	居住用地、工业用地	[8,14)	5
[454,647)	林地	[14,21)	7
[647,1201]	未利用土地	[21,59)	9

表3 水资源可达性水量、水质因子评分

Table 3 Scores of water resource accessibility quantity and water quality factors

径流深/mm	水质	评分
[0,92)	Ⅰ类水	1
[92,188)	Ⅱ类水	3
[188,290)	Ⅲ类水	5
[290,416)	Ⅳ类水	7
[416,475]	Ⅴ类水、劣Ⅴ类水	9

表4 需水量影响因子评分

Table 4 Scores of water demand impact factor

耕地面积占比/%	万元工业增加值用水量/m³	人口密度/ (人·km^-2)	评分
[20,35)	[0,14)	[0,160)	1
[35,45)	[14,18)	[160,550)	3
[45,60)	[18,24)	[550,1 600)	5
[60,83)	[24,33)	[1 600,3 200)	7
[83,100]	[33,40]	[3 200,15 000]	9

表5 耦合协调度类别

Table 5 Rating of coupling coordination degree

类别	耦合协调度	子类	类别	耦合协调度	子类
协调	[0.9,1.0]	高度协调	不协调	[0.3,0.4)	轻度失调
	[0.8,0.9)	良好协调		[0.2,0.3)	中度失调
	[0.7,0.8)	中级协调		[0.1,0.2)	严重失调
	[0.6,0.7)	初级协调		[0,0.1)	极度失调
过渡	[0.5,0.6)	勉强协调
过渡	[0.4,0.5)	濒临失调