静水环境下草鱼幼鱼摆尾-滑行动力学研究

doi:10.11988/ckyyb.20230455

院报 ›› 2024, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (8): 82-89.DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20230455

静水环境下草鱼幼鱼摆尾-滑行动力学研究

胡晓¹^,²(), 陈伟¹^,², 黄慧玲¹^,², 张奔³, 杨国党⁴, 石小涛¹^,², 龙泽宇¹^,²

¹ 三峡大学水利与环境学院,湖北宜昌 443002
² 三峡大学湖北省鱼类过坝技术国际科技合作基地,湖北宜昌 443002
³ 上海勘测设计研究院有限公司,上海 200050
⁴ 华能西藏雅鲁藏布江水电开发投资有限公司,拉萨 850000

收稿日期:2023-04-28 修回日期:2023-10-06 出版日期:2024-08-28 发布日期:2024-08-13
作者简介:
胡晓(1983-),女,湖北荆州人,副教授,博士,主要从事鱼类水力学和鱼道研究。E-mail:25098547@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(51609125); 国家自然科学基金面上项目(52279069); 国家自然科学基金优秀青年科学基金项目(51922065); 湖北省高等学校优秀中青年科技创新团队计划项目(T201703)

Hydrodynamics of Juvenile Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) during Burst-and-Coast Swimming in Static Water Environment

HU Xiao¹^,²(), CHEN Wei¹^,², HUANG Hui-ling¹^,², ZHANG Ben³, YANG Guo-dang⁴, SHI Xiao-tao¹^,², LONG Ze-yu¹^,²

¹ College of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering,Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002,China
² Hubei International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Fish Passage, Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
³ Shanghai Investigation, Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200050, China
⁴ Huaneng Tibet Yaluzangbu River Hydropower Development Co., Ltd., Lhasa 850000, China

Received:2023-04-28 Revised:2023-10-06 Published:2024-08-28 Online:2024-08-13

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究静水环境下幼鱼摆尾-滑行时的推、阻力形成过程和鱼体周身流体作用机理,以草鱼幼鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)为研究对象,利用粒子图像测速技术(PIV)测量了草鱼幼鱼周身流场,计算了草鱼幼鱼周身由流体正压和流体负压产生的作用力,比较了草鱼幼鱼头、中、尾部产生的推、阻力占比和游泳效率。结果表明:摆尾阶段的幼鱼推力主要来源于流体负压;滑行阶段的幼鱼则主要依靠鱼体周身流体正压形成的推力推动自身前进。整个摆尾-滑行周期内,草鱼幼鱼尾部流体形成的推力占总推力的48.81%,是推力的主要产生部位,且尾部的平均游泳效率(77.28%±16.87%)要明显高于头部和中部;草鱼幼鱼中部集中的阻力最多,占总阻力的67.82%,是幼鱼的主要阻力形成部位。

关键词: 草鱼幼鱼, 摆尾-滑行, 推力, 阻力, 粒子图像测速技术(PIV), 流体压力, 游泳效率

Abstract:

The formation of thrust and drag forces and the fluid dynamics around juvenile fish bodies during burst-and-coast swimming were investigated by using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) to capture fluid pressure distribution around juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). The forces generated by positive and negative fluid pressures were calculated, and the ratio of thrust and drag forces as well as the swimming efficiency were compared across the head, middle, and tail regions of the fish body. Results indicate that during the bursting, thrust force is primarily generated by negative fluid pressure, whereas during coasting, the forward swimming mainly relies on the thrust generated by positive fluid pressure. Throughout the burst-and-coast cycle, the tail region contributes significantly to thrust generation (48.81% of total thrust), exhibiting the highest average swimming efficiency (77.28%±16.87%). Conversely, the middle region of juvenile grass carp experiences the highest drag force (67.82% of total drag).

Key words: juvenile grass carp, burst-and-coast, thrust, drag, particle image velocimetry(PIV), fluid pressure, swimming efficiency

中图分类号:

Q811.6力学仿生

胡晓, 陈伟, 黄慧玲, 张奔, 杨国党, 石小涛, 龙泽宇. 静水环境下草鱼幼鱼摆尾-滑行动力学研究[J]. 院报, 2024, 41(8): 82-89.

HU Xiao, CHEN Wei, HUANG Hui-ling, ZHANG Ben, YANG Guo-dang, SHI Xiao-tao, LONG Ze-yu. Hydrodynamics of Juvenile Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) during Burst-and-Coast Swimming in Static Water Environment[J]. Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, 2024, 41(8): 82-89.

图/表 11

图1 试验装置和章鱼幼鱼二维图

Fig.1 Experimental device and 2D diagram of juvenile grass carp

图2 鱼体运动特征

Fig.2 Contour lines and center lines of fish motion

图3 积分路径示意图

Fig.3 Integration paths

图4 流体作用力计算示意图

Fig.4 Schematic diagram of fluid force calculation

图5 摆尾-滑行阶段草鱼幼鱼周身压力云图

Fig.5 Contours of pressure around juvenile grass carp during burst-and-coast swimming

图6 鱼体左侧的瞬时压力系数随时间变化

Fig.6 Time-dependent change of instantaneous pressure coefficient on the left side of fish

图7 鱼体右侧的瞬时压力系数随时间变化

Fig.7 Time-dependent change of instantaneous pressure coefficient on the right side of fish

图8 流体正、负压推力及阻力变化曲线

Fig.8 Variation curves of thrust and drag forces generated by positive and negative fluid pressures

图9 流体正、负压推力及阻力沿鱼体的分布

Fig.9 Distribution of thrust and drag forces generated by positive and negative fluid pressures along the fish body

图10 草鱼幼鱼各部位的推、阻力分布及其占比

Fig.10 Distribution and ratios of thrust and drag forces at different parts of juvenile grass carp

图11 平均游泳效率

Fig.11 Average swimming efficiency

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静水环境下草鱼幼鱼摆尾-滑行动力学研究

Hydrodynamics of Juvenile Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) during Burst-and-Coast Swimming in Static Water Environment

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