陶家湖沉积物重金属来源解析及生态风险评价

doi:10.11988/ckyyb.20231299

raybet体育在线院报 ›› 2025, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (2): 44-53.DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20231299

陶家湖沉积物重金属来源解析及生态风险评价

肖尚斌¹^,²(), 龚哲¹, 刘佳¹^,²^,³, 李世剑¹, 贺文枨¹, 朱良辰¹, 郑熠歌¹

¹ 三峡大学水利与环境学院,湖北宜昌 443002
² 三峡库区生态环境教育部工程研究中心,湖北宜昌 443002
³ 三峡大学水利工程博士后科研流动站,湖北宜昌 443002

收稿日期:2023-11-27 修回日期:2024-03-10 出版日期:2025-02-01 发布日期:2025-02-01
作者简介:
肖尚斌(1970-),男,湖北钟祥人,教授,博士,主要从事生态水利学研究。E-mail: shangbinx@163.com
基金资助:
湖北省自然科学基金创新发展联合基金项目(2022CFD032); 国家自然科学基金项目(52130903)

Source Analysis and Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Sediments of Taojia Lake

XIAO Shang-bin¹^,²(), GONG Zhe¹, LIU Jia¹^,²^,³, LI Shi-jian¹, HE Wen-cheng¹, ZHU Liang-chen¹, ZHENG Yi-ge¹

¹ College of Hydraulic and Environment Engineering,China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002, China
² Engineering Research Center of Eco-environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region,Yichang 443002,China
³ Post Doctoral Research Station of Hydraulic Engineering, China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002,China

Received:2023-11-27 Revised:2024-03-10 Published:2025-02-01 Online:2025-02-01

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

对采自松滋市陶家湖不同部位的3根沉积物柱状样品进行了重金属(Cu、Zn、Cr、Ni、Pb、As)含量和粒度测定,利用潜在生态风险指数法和地累积指数法评价重金属潜在风险,并利用相关性分析和正交矩阵分解(PMF)模型进行来源解析。结果表明:陶家湖沉积物重金属污染整体上表现为湖心>湖岸>消落带,湖岸污染程度随深度增加而降低,湖心和消落带沉积物污染程度随深度增加而上升;其中,潜在生态风险评价结果显示6种重金属均为轻微生态危害水平,地累积指数评价结果表明Cr为偏中度风险,As、Cu、Pb、Zn和Ni主要表现为轻度风险。相关分析和PMF模型结果表明,沉积物中重金属来源包括矿业源、自然来源,以及农业和工业的复合源,贡献分别为18.8%、52.4%和28.8%,其中Cu主要受到矿业的影响,Pb主要受到自然来源的影响,As主要受到工业和农业活动的影响,Zn、Ni和Cr受到3种来源的影响;水动力条件和人类活动造成陶家湖重金属分布呈现空间差异,消落带水动力较强导致沉积物中重金属含量低于湖岸和湖心,水动力条件改变导致Pb、Ni垂向分布发生改变,矿业发展是造成Cu、Zn分布变化的主要原因,农业活动导致As逐年增加。

关键词: 沉积物, 重金属, 污染评价, 生态风险, 来源解析

Abstract:

Core sediment samples collected from three distinct areas of Taojia Lake in Songzi County, Hubei Province, were tested for heavy metals including copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and arsenic (As), as well as grain size. The contamination status was assessed using the potential ecological risk index (RI), enrichment factor (EF), and geo-accumulation index (Igeo). Sources of these contaminants were traced through correlation analysis and positive matrix factorization (PMF) modeling. Results indicated that 1) Heavy metal contamination was most severe in the central area of the lake, followed by those in lakeshore and riparian zone in descending order. As depth increased, the contamination at lakeshore alleviated, but aggravated in the central area and the riparian zone. 2) Among the tested heavy metals, arsenic (As) and chromium (Cr) showed the most severe contamination, with As of light contamination and Cr mild-to-moderate contamination. Copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb) exhibited less pollution. 3) Correlation analysis and PMF modeling revealed that heavy metals in the sediments primarily originated from mining activities (18.8%), natural sources (52.4%), and agricultural and industrial activities (28.8%). Specifically, Cu was mainly derived from mining activities, Pb from natural sources, and As from agricultural and industrial activities. Zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), and Cr were influenced by all three sources. 4) Hydrodynamic conditions and human activities have led to spatial variations in heavy metal distribution in Taojia Lake. The strong hydrodynamics in the riparian zone have diluted heavy metal concentrations, resulting in lower heavy metal levels compared to the lakeshore and the central area. Changes in hydrodynamic conditions affected the vertical distribution of Pb and Ni. Variations in the distribution of Cu and Zn are primarily attributed to mining industrial activities, while annual increases in As levels were linked to agricultural activities.

Key words: sediment, heavy metals, pollution assessment, ecological risk, source analysis

肖尚斌, 龚哲, 刘佳, 李世剑, 贺文枨, 朱良辰, 郑熠歌. 陶家湖沉积物重金属来源解析及生态风险评价[J]. raybet体育在线院报, 2025, 42(2): 44-53.

XIAO Shang-bin, GONG Zhe, LIU Jia, LI Shi-jian, HE Wen-cheng, ZHU Liang-chen, ZHENG Yi-ge. Source Analysis and Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Sediments of Taojia Lake[J]. Journal of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, 2025, 42(2): 44-53.

图/表 10

图1 陶家湖采样站位

Fig.1 Location of sampling sites in Taojia Lake

表1 潜在生态风险程度评估标准与等级分级[18]

Table 1 Assessment criterion for potential ecologicalrisks[18]

Erⁱ	RI	潜在生态危害程度	Erⁱ	RI	潜在生态危害程度
<40	<150	轻微	[160,320)	≥600	很强
[40,80)	[150,300)	中等	≥320		极强
[80,160)	[300,600)	强

表2 地累积指数风险等级

Table 2 Rating of geo-accumulation index

I_geo	分级	污染程度	I_geo	分级	污染程度
≤0	0	无	(3,4]	4	偏重度
(0,1]	1	轻度	(4,5]	5	重度
(1,2]	2	偏中度	>5	6	严重
(2,3]	3	中度

图2 陶家湖沉积物柱芯粒度组成特征

Fig.2 Grain size characteristics of sediment cores taken from Taojia Lake

图3 陶家湖沉积物柱芯重金属含量垂向分布

Fig.3 Vertical distribution of heavy metals in sediment cores taken from Taojia Lake

表3 湖北省湖泊重金属含量文献统计信息

Table 3 Statistics heavy metal content in lakes of HubeiProvince in literaturemg/kg

湖泊	Cu	Pb	Zn	Ni	Cr	As
大冶湖	579	104	476	73	72	266
西洞庭湖	30	27	146	30	50	66
武湖	41	42	113	51	104	16
陶家湖湖岸	48	42	142	62	269	20
陶家湖湖心	43	37	144	61	284	25
陶家湖消落带	52	29	148	56	236	26

图4 陶家湖沉积物重金属潜在生态风险指数垂向分布

Fig.4 Vertical distribution of ecological risk index(RI) of heavy metals in sediment cores taken from Taojia Lake

图5 陶家湖沉积物重金属地累积指数热图

Fig.5 Heatmap of geo-accumulation index of heavy metals in sediment cores taken from Taojia Lake

图6 陶家湖沉积物重金属及粒度相关系数矩阵注:*表示在0.05级别(双尾),相关性显著。椭圆长轴方向表示相关系数正负,右上—左下方向表示相关系数为正,反之为负;短轴长度表示相关系数绝对值的大小,椭圆越扁表示相关系数绝对值越大;色柱表示相关系数的范围。

Fig.6 Correlation analysis between heavy metal concentrations and sediment grain size

图7 各因子对重金属含量的贡献率

Fig.7 Contribution rate of each source factor to heavy metal concentration in sediment cores taken from Taojia Lake

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陶家湖沉积物重金属来源解析及生态风险评价

Source Analysis and Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Sediments of Taojia Lake

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