Abstract: The method of probability density evolution was employed to research the stochastic earthquake response and seismic reliability assessment for large-scale aqueduct structure under the condition of water level fluctuation and water-aqueduct interaction. Results show that the probability distribution of stochastic seismic responses of the aqueduct structure is irregular. The stochastic earthquake response and the failure probability of large-scale aqueduct structure increase obviously with the rising of water level.  However, with the water level unchanged, the seismic response is apparently smaller while the seismic reliability much higher considering the water sloshing effect on the aqueduct structure. 

Key words: aqueduct structure, probability density evolution method, stochastic earthquake response, reliability