基于备用流量的水风光多能互补优化调度

doi:10.11988/ckyyb.20231348

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 随着大规模风光电站接入,风光能源出力预测精度不足影响了电网的安全稳定运行。为解决此类问题,提出基于备用流量的水风光多能互补系统优化调度方法。首先,根据水电站的可用水量按比例设置备用流量,然后以发电量最大和余留负荷方差最小为目标建立基于备用流量的水风光多能互补优化调度模型,利用备用流量应对风光高发和低发的影响,最后对雅砻江下游梯级水电站及接入的风光电站进行实例研究。结果表明:相对于不设置备用流量,设置了备用流量的多能互补系统在典型丰水月(6月份)和典型枯水月(12月份)的发电量分别增加0.08%和1.97%,而余留负荷方差下降均超过40%;设置备用流量能够在保证发电效益的基础上减轻电力系统的供需平衡压力,保障电力系统安全稳定运行。该调度方法的有效性和实用性得到了验证,可供类似水电站参考。

关键词: 风光能源, 备用流量, 多能互补系统, 优化调度, 梯级水电站

Abstract:

With the access of large-scale wind power stations and solar power stations, wind energy and solar energy affect the safe and stable operation of the power system due to the lack of prediction accuracy. This paper presents an optimal scheduling method for the hydro-wind-solar complementary system based on standby flow. First, the standby flow is set according to the available water of each hydropower station based on the inflow. Then, the optimal scheduling model based on standby flow is developed. The objectives of this model are to maximize power generation and minimize the variance of residual load. Standby flow serves to mitigate the impact of inaccurate wind and solar energy predictions. Finally, a case study is conducted on the cascade hydropower station and connected wind and solar power stations along the lower Yalong River. Results show that compared with the scenario without standby flow, the power generation efficiency of the multi-energy complementary system with standby flow in typical wet month (June) and typical dry month (December) increases by 0.08% and 1.97%, respectively; and the variance of residual load decreases by more than 40%. In conclusion, setting standby flow can balance the power supply and demand of the power system while ensuring power generation efficiency, thereby guaranteeing the safe and stable operation of the power system.

Key words: wind and solar energy, standby flow, multi-energy complementary system, optimal scheduling, cascade hydropower station

中图分类号:

TV213水资源开发

方国华, 刘畅, 丁紫玉. 基于备用流量的水风光多能互补优化调度[J]. raybet体育在线院报, 2025, 42(4): 36-44.

FANG Guo-hua, LIU Chang, DING Zi-yu. Optimization Scheduling of Hydro-Wind-Solar Complementary Systems Based on Standby Flow[J]. Journal of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, 2025, 42(4): 36-44.

图/表 9

表1 梯级水电站参数

Table 1 Parameters of cascade hydropower station

电站	正常蓄水位/m	死水位/m	总库容/ (亿m³)	可调库容/ (亿m³)	独立调节能力	效率/ %
锦屏一级	1 880	1 800	77.65	49.10	年	98.81
锦屏二级	1 646	1 640	0.14	0.05	日	98.60
官地	1 330	1 321	7.29	1.23	日	98.78
二滩	1 200	1 155	57.90	33.70	季	98.59

图1 多能互补调度优化框架

Fig.1 Framework for the optimization scheduling of multi-energy complementary systems

图2 优化模型求解流程

Fig.2 Flow chart of the solution of the optimization model

图3 梯级水电站备用流量方案寻优过程

Fig.3 Optimization process of standby flow scenario of cascade hydropower station

表2 多能互补系统月内优化调度日平均结果

Table 2 Monthly average results of optimal scheduling for multi-energy complementary systems

系统	月份	方案编号	风光出力/MW	水电出力/MW	系统出力/MW	余留负荷峰谷差/MW	余留负荷方差/MW²	备用流量比例/%
锦屏子系统	6	一	600.1	5 587.5	6 187.6	373.4	27 378.6
	12	一	472.3	3 162.4	3 634.7	49.9	1 130.2
	6	二	600.1	5 594.8	6 194.9	195.6	11 560.4	3.27
	12	二	472.3	3 200.8	3 673.0	5.9	4.0	3.36
官地子系统	6	一	535.7	1 436.8	1 972.5	635.6	45 346.9
	12	一	534.6	744.0	1 278.6	579.7	5 1051.3
	6	二	535.7	1 441.0	1 976.7	485.6	24 023.0	6.64
	12	二	534.6	794.3	1 328.9	392.8	29 940.9	1.27
二滩子系统	6	一	337.2	2 007.1	2 344.3	1 880.8	200 334.6
	12	一	201.2	1 197.3	1 398.5	195.8	6 994.1
	6	二	337.2	2 003.9	2 341.1	905.1	55 520.6	2.55
	12	二	201.2	1 232.8	1 434.0	43.8	3 367.0	1.53

图4 多能互补系统典型丰水月最后一周余留负荷过程

Fig.4 Residual load process in the last week of a typical wet month in multi-energy complementary systems

图5 多能互补系统典型枯水月最后一周余留负荷过程

Fig.5 Residual load process in the last week of a typical dry month in multi-energy complementary systems

图6 多能互补系统典型丰水日优化调度过程

Fig.6 Optimal scheduling process of a typical wet day in multi-energy complementary systems

图7 多能互补系统典型枯水日优化调度过程

Fig.7 Optimal scheduling process of a typical dry day in multi-energy complementary systems

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