尾矿库是重大危险源且存在溃坝危险,为了更真实地预测尾矿库溃坝造成的影响,定量掌握尾矿库的溃坝过程及其对下游的影响程度,利用细粒尾砂与膨胀珍珠岩按照体积比尺1.5:1进行混合制作复合模型沙,通过室内试验和水下休止角试验确定复合模型沙的基本可行性;并在满足相似条件的基础上,开展极端状态下的复合模型沙大比尺尾矿库漫顶溃坝试验,分析其溃坝过程、流量过程、断面形态演变过程、浸润线、淹没高程和范围等变化规律。试验结果表明:物理模型试验历时140 min,复合模型沙下泄量占总库容的10.76%,下游区域淤积量占下泄量的95.21%,基本符合漫顶溃坝的实际情况,设计选配的复合模型沙合理,说明该复合模型沙能够更真实有效地还原尾矿库溃坝过程。研究结果为尾矿库漫顶溃坝试验中模型沙的选择提供了新思路。
Abstract
To better predict the impacts of tailings pond breaches and quantitatively understand the breach process and downstream effects, we prepared a composite model sand by mixing fine-grained tailing sand and expanded perlite in a 1.5:1 volume ratio. Indoor tests and measurements of underwater angle of repose confirmed the feasibility of the composite model sand under similar conditions. Based on this, we conducted large-scale overtopping dam failure tests under extreme conditions to analyze the changes in dam breach process, flow process, section morphology evolution, phreatic line, inundation elevation and range. The physical model test lasted 140 minutes, during which the composite model sand discharge accounted for 10.76% of the total storage capacity, and downstream siltation accounted for 95.21% of this discharge. These results are consistent with the real-world situation of overtopping failure, demonstrating the reasonability and effectiveness of the composite model sand for more realistically simulating tailings pond breach processes. These findings also offer new insights for selecting model sand in future overtopping failure tests for tailings pond.
关键词
复合模型沙 /
尾矿库 /
漫顶溃坝 /
模型试验 /
浸润线
Key words
composite model sand /
tailings pond /
overtopping dam failure /
model test /
phreatic line
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基金
辽宁省教育厅青年基金项目(LJKQZ2021153);辽宁工程技术大学学科创新团队项目(LNTU20TD-12)
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