河流化学径流多源自流域岩石风化、地表侵蚀及人类活动等,水化学特征是流域多重环境信息的综合表现。为探讨丹江口水库水化学特征及影响因素,分别于2017年10月、2018年1月、4月和7月系统采集丹江口水体,分析水体离子组成及时空变化规律等水化学特征。分析结果显示:水体pH值介于7.02~8.58之间,呈中偏弱碱性,水体溶解氧、ORP值及电导率具有明显季节变化,总溶解性固体(TDS)平均值为(176.14±15.98) mg/L,高于世界河流平均值。在水体主要阳离子中,Ca2+含量最高,介于50%~70%之间,其次,Mg2+含量为20%~30%;在阴离子组成中,大部分样点的HCO3-含量达70%以上,(Cl-+SO42-)含量在20%以下,DSi含量在10%以下。研究结果表明,碳酸盐岩风化控制了水体总体特征,部分离子受硅酸盐岩风化影响,人类活动亦是影响水体化学特征的重要因素,与已有监测结果对比,近年来丹江口水库水环境有一定程度改善。研究结果为流域水资源综合管理和开发利用提供了数据支撑。
Abstract
The chemical runoff materials of rivers usually originate from rock weathering, soil erosion and human activities in the basin. Hydrochemical characteristics comprehensively present the environmental information of the basin. The hydrochemical characteristics and influence factors of Danjiangkou Reservoir are investigated in this paper based on sampling data in October 2017, January 2018, April 2018, and July 2018. The pH value of water in Danjiangkou Reservoir is between 7.02 and 8.58, which is moderately alkalescent. The dissolved oxygen, ORP and conductivity of water change obviously with seasons. The average value of TDS is 176.14±15.98 mg/L, much higher than that of other rivers in the world. Among the main cations in the water, Ca2+ is the highest in content, ranging from 50% to 70%, and the content of Mg2+ is between 20% and 30%. Among the anions, the content of HCO3- in most of the samples is more than 70%; the content of (Cl-+SO42- ) is below 20%; and the content of DSi is below 10%. The statistical results show that the weathering of carbonate rocks controls the overall characteristics of the water. Some of the ions are affected by the weathering of silicate rocks. Human activity is also an important factor affecting the chemical characteristics of the water. Compared with previous monitoring results, the water quality in Danjiangkou Reservoir has been improved. The research results provide data support for the comprehensive management, development and utilization of water resources in the basin.
关键词
水化学特征 /
化学径流 /
岩石风化 /
人类活动 /
水环境 /
丹江口水库
Key words
hydrochemical characteristics /
chemical runoff /
rock weathering /
human activities /
water environment /
Danjiangkou Reservoir
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基金
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目(CKSF2017027/CQ,CKSF2019413/CQ);水利技术示范项目(SF-201905)
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