Abstract: Hydropower and transportation underground projects in high mountain valley areas in central and western region of China have big length and depth, high geo-stress, and high external water pressure. Scientific problems regarding the mechanical properties of deep rock engineering and geo-stress measurement have drawn increasing attentions. The progresses of several key aspects over the past decade are reviewed, including test technique of deep rock, mechanical properties of rocks under high stress condition and complex stress path, rheological characteristics of deep rock, quality evaluation and classification of deep surrounding rock mass, and geo-stress measurement technique in deep rockmass. Future research prospects of the mentioned scientific problems are also highlighted.