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长三角先行启动区水体透明度时空变化特征及影响因素
Spatiotemporal Variation Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Water Transparency in the Pilot Zone of Yangtze River Delta
水体透明度提升是改善水质观感的重要技术路径。根据2023年4—12月对长三角一体化先行启动区内典型水体(湖荡、圩内河道、圩外河道)的实地监测结果,探讨区域内典型水体的透明度(SD)时空分布特征、影响因素及提升目标。研究结果表明:监测期间,湖荡、圩内河道、圩外河道SD均值分别在61.17、68.75、45.08 cm左右;空间上,西塘镇及黎里镇东南区域SD整体较好(>70 cm),而元荡、金泽镇东北区域以及太浦河相对较差(<50 cm);降雨对SD影响较大,尤其是圩内河道;相关性分析显示,悬浮物浓度为SD的首要相关指标(R=-0.65~-0.79),总磷与SD的负相关性在湖荡水体中尤为显著(R=-0.71),而叶绿素a仅在圩内河道中与SD无显著相关性。此外,研究进一步构建了SD与浊度、悬浮物、总磷的拟合曲线模型,其中SD与浊度的整体拟合效果最佳(R2=0.66~0.74),并以近岸主要的沉水植物能够存活为要求,确立了先行启动区SD的初期目标值应控制在59.14~83.06 cm以上。
[Objective] This study focuses on typical water bodies (lakes, rivers inside the polder area, and rivers outside the polder area) in the pilot zone of the Yangtze River Delta, aiming to: (1) analyze the spatiotemporal differentiation characteristics of water transparency (Secchi Depth,SD) in the three typical water bodies; (2) identify the key drivers of SD through correlation and regression models; (3) propose SD improvement thresholds based on the light compensation requirements of submerged vegetation restoration, providing scientific evidence for precise water quality management in plain river networks. [Methods] The study was based on field monitoring data from April to December 2023, focusing on water transparency and other water quality indicators in the Pilot Zone. The analysis combined trends in monthly variations of suspended solids (SS), total phosphorus (TP), chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), and turbidity to explore the spatiotemporal distribution and variation characteristics of SD. Correlation analysis and curve fitting models of SD with turbidity, SS, and TP were employed to quantify the driving mechanisms of SD. Based on the survival needs of local nearshore submerged vegetation, SD thresholds and strongly related water quality improvement targets were established. [Results] (1) River channels within embankments exhibited the highest average SD (68.75 cm), but fluctuated significantly due to rainfall disturbances. The seasonal difference in lake SD was significant (average 61.17 cm), with peak values in winter (80.14 cm) and minimum values in summer (48.00 cm). River channels outside embankments had the lowest SD (45.08 cm) due to strong hydrodynamic disturbances from navigation. Spatially, SD exceeded 70 cm in the southeast of Xitang Town and Lili Town, while SD was below 50 cm in Yuandang Lake, the northeast of Jinze Town, and Taipu River due to aquaculture pollution, construction runoff, and resuspension of bottom sediment. (2) SS concentration was the primary correlated indicator of SD (R=-0.65 to -0.79). The negative correlation between TP and SD was particularly significant in lake water (R=-0.71), and the C3 component (humic-like substances) of dissolved organic matter (DOM) shared a common origin with TP (R=0.64), indicating that TP in lake water mainly originated from soil erosion and surface runoff input. In river channels within embankments, there was no significant correlation between Chl-a and SD (R=-0.14), and Chl-a exhibited the lowest concentration (4.45 μg/L), attributed to the algae-suppressing effect of dense submerged plant growth. (3) SD in channels within embankments was significantly affected by heavy rainfall (73.90 mm in June), with a 20%-40% decrease, while SS (↑60 mg/L) and TP (↑0.12 mg/L) levels significantly increased. However, weak rainfall (≤46.93 mm) had a relatively insignificant effect on water transparency. (4) To maintain local submerged vegetation in the pilot zone, SD should be maintained above 59.14-83.06 cm (calculated based on light compensation depth), corresponding to the following thresholds for strongly correlated water quality indicators: turbidity (Turb) ≤7.46-16.14 NTU (for all water bodies), SS≤18.42-43.41 mg/L (for river channels outside embankments), and TP≤0.052-0.099 mg/L (for lakes). [Conclusion] Recommendations are proposed for future transparency enhancement projects in the pilot zone: for lakes, control land-based phosphorus input; for river channels outside embankments, enhance bottom sediment stabilization under navigation disturbances; for river channels within embankments, emphasize the algae-suppressing function of submerged vegetation, highlighting the synergistic effect of ecological restoration on transparency management.
长三角先行启动区 / 水体透明度 / 影响因素 / 时空分布 / 相关性分析
pilot zone of the Yangtze River Delta / water transparency / influencing factors / spatiotemporal distribution / correlation analysis
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“水乡客厅”作为长三角区域一体化的重要示范性工程,如何提升其水体透明度,改善水体感官仍然是一个亟待解决的难题。在相关水质监测及悬浮物沉降试验的基础上,分析研究了“水乡客厅”水体透明度的主要影响因素,并构建了其与水体透明度的多元回归方程,基于该方程,构建了水体透明度数值模型。结果显示:相较于圩内河道,圩外河道及湖荡的水体透明度相对较低;研究区域内水体透明度的主要影响因素为悬浮物浓度,其皮尔逊相关系数为-0.48,呈明显负相关关系,次要因素为叶绿素浓度;分圩内河道、圩外河道、湖荡区域分别构建悬浮物沉降系数与悬浮物浓度、水体流速的拟合方程,决定系数R<sup>2</sup>均>0.8,拟合效果较好;基于上述分析结果所构建的水体透明度数值模型能够较好地描述“水乡客厅”水体透明度的分布规律,可为后续区域水生态修复及富营养化治理提供技术支撑。
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