三峡库区无资料支流流量遥感监测及其变化分析

娄和震, 周柏池, 宋文龙, 冯天时, 杨胜天, 孟娟, 桂荣洁, 刘宏洁

raybet体育在线 院报 ›› 2025, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (4) : 166-176.

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raybet体育在线 院报
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raybet体育在线 院报 ›› 2025, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (4) : 166-176. DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20231388
水利信息化

三峡库区无资料支流流量遥感监测及其变化分析

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Remote Sensing Monitoring and Variation Analysis of Ungauged Tributary Discharge in Three Gorges Reservoir Area

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文章历史 +

摘要

三峡库区内支流众多,但因缺少基本水文站监测,支流的水文和水资源信息匮乏,影响了区域的水资源管理和防洪安全。为此,选择了三峡库区20条典型支流为研究对象,其中18条为无资料支流,应用自主研发的遥感水文站技术,结合卫星及无人机遥感数据构建了支流监测断面的三维数字河道模型,计算分析了2016年1月—2023年7月的河道流量、相对水位等信息。研究表明:①三峡库区内20条典型支流的河道横断面形状呈U形,属于典型的山区河流;遥感水文站技术在计算三峡库区无资料支流流量时具有良好的精度,平均NSE和R2分别可达到0.74和0.76。②在研究期内库区支流相对水位变化较小,库首、库中和库尾支流相对水位月际变化在1.2 m以下的月份占比可达93.1%、86.8%和87.4%。③库区典型无资料支流的平均流量总体平稳,但趋势分析结果表明,共有13条无资料支流的流量正在减少,库区支流流量总体上呈现下降趋势。④三峡库区20条支流年均流量和全年总流量十分丰富,年均入库流量达164.75亿m3,约占库区年入库流量的4.8%,为地区经济发展提供了有力的水资源支撑。

Abstract

The Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) area features a large number of tributaries, but the lack of basic hydrological station monitoring leads to the scarcity of hydrological and water-resources information for these tributaries, affecting regional water resource management and flood control safety. To address this issue, we selected 20 typical tributaries in the TGR area, among which 18 are ungauged, to build 3D digital river models for these tributaries by self-developed remotely-sensed hydrological station technology along with satellite and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote-sensing data. Based on this model, we calculated the river discharges, relative water levels, water-surface widths, and other information from January 2016 to July 2023 for the monitoring sections. Results revealed that: 1) The cross-sections of 20 typical tributaries in the TGR area display U-shape, demonstrating mountainous characteristics. The remotely-sensed hydrological station technology demonstrates high accuracy in calculating ungauged tributary discharges in the TGR area, with the average Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE) and coefficient of determination (R2) reaching 0.74 and 0.76, respectively. 2) During the study period, the relative water levels of the tributaries changed minimally. The percentages of months with monthly relative water-level fluctuations below 1.2 m in the upper, middle, and lower tributaries of the reservoir were 93.1%, 86.8%, and 87.4% respectively. 3) The average discharges of typical ungauged tributaries were generally stable. However, trend analysis indicated that the discharges of 13 ungauged tributaries have being decreasing, suggesting an overall downward trend in tributary discharges in the reservoir area. 4) The 20 tributaries have abundant annual average and total discharges, with the annual average inflow reaching 16.475 billion m3, accounting for approximately 4.8% of the total annual inflow of the reservoir area, offering substantial water resource support for regional economic development.

关键词

无资料支流 / 流量 / 遥感水文站技术 / 水资源管理 / 防洪安全 / 三峡库区

Key words

ungauged tributary / river discharge / remote sensing hydrological station technology / water resource management / flood control safety / Three Gorges Reservoir area

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娄和震, 周柏池, 宋文龙, 等. 三峡库区无资料支流流量遥感监测及其变化分析[J]. raybet体育在线 院报. 2025, 42(4): 166-176 https://doi.org/10.11988/ckyyb.20231388
LOU He-zhen, ZHOU Bai-chi, SONG Wen-long, et al. Remote Sensing Monitoring and Variation Analysis of Ungauged Tributary Discharge in Three Gorges Reservoir Area[J]. Journal of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute. 2025, 42(4): 166-176 https://doi.org/10.11988/ckyyb.20231388
中图分类号： P333   

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https://doi.org/10.11988/ckyyb.20210221
摘要
大型水体会对局部地区(局地)气候条件造成影响,三峡工程是当今世界规模最大的水利水电枢纽工程,为了分析三峡蓄水对当地气候变化的影响,以三峡库区10个站点为研究对象,利用气候倾向率、CVM检验等方法,系统分析了三峡库区66 a来气候变化特征以及蓄水对局地气候变化的影响。结果表明,三峡蓄水后局地温度下降,影响大坝附近299.83 km<sup>2</sup>的地区,影响距离最远距大坝12.65 km,大坝最近的秭归站温度在1997年发生突变,蓄水后20 a秭归站年平均温度较蓄水前20 a下降1.15 ℃;蓄水造成局地降水量增加,影响大坝附近2 914.88 km<sup>2</sup>的地区,影响距离最远距大坝109.15 km,大坝最近的秭归站降水在1997年突变,蓄水后20 a秭归站平均降水量较蓄水前上升245.90 mm;蓄水造成局地相对湿度增加,秭归、兴山站相对湿度分别在1997年、2003年突变,蓄水后20 a秭归站相对湿度较蓄水前20 a上升5.29%;蓄水造成局地日照时数下降,影响大坝附近2 045.66 km<sup>2</sup>的地区,影响距离距大坝最远41.06 km,距大坝最近的秭归站日照时数在2002年突变,蓄水后20 a秭归站日照时数较蓄水前20 a下降33.87 h。蓄水对气象要素影响的范围较小,对各要素共同造成影响的范围仅75.27 km<sup>2</sup>,各要素全部在蓄水期间发生突变的仅秭归一站。
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https://doi.org/10.11988/ckyyb.20210221
本文引用 [1] 摘要
Due to special underlying surface properties, large water bodies have impacts on local water thermal cycle and climate. The Three Gorges Project is the world&apos;s largest water conservancy project. In the present research, we analyzed systematically the characteristics of climate change in the Three Gorges Reservoir over the past 66 years and the impacts of water storage on local climate by means of climate tendency rate and CVM test. Results demonstrated that the local temperature of the Three Gorges Project has declined after impoundment, affecting an area of 299.83 km<sup>2</sup> near the dam, reaching 12.65 km away from the dam. The temperature of Zigui station, which is the closest to the dam, changed abruptly in 1997. The average annual temperature of Zigui two decades after the impoundment was 1.15 ℃ lower than that before the impoundment. Local precipitation has increased, affecting an area of 2 914.88 km<sup>2</sup>, reaching 109.15 km away from the dam. The precipitation of Zigui station also changed abruptly in 1997, and the average precipitation of Zigui two decades after the impoundment increased by 245.90 mm compared with that before the impoundment. Water storage also led to the rise of local relative humidity. Zigui and Xingshan witnessed abrupt changes in relative humidity in 1997 and 2003, respectively, of which the former rose by 5.29% two deades after the impoundment. The number of sunshine hours reduced, affecting the nearby area of 2 045.66 km<sup>2</sup>, extending 41.06 km away from the dam. The sunshine hours of Zigui changed abruptly in 2002, reducing by 33.87 hours compared with that two decades before the impoundment. In conclusion, water storage in the Three Gorges Reservoir has had a small scope of influence on meteorological elements, affecting an area of only 75.27 km<sup>2</sup> on all the elements; only Zigui station experienced abrupt changes in all the elements during water storage.
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(XU Qiu-yang, WU Le-zhi. Research on the Characteristics of Land Use Change in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area[J]. Journal of Hubei Normal University (Natural Science), 2023, 43(2): 60-67.) (in Chinese)
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(WAN Qi-lin, SHAO Jing-an. Land Use and Carbon Storage Estimation in the Chongqing Section of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area from 2000 to 2020[J]. Journal of Chongqing Normal University 2023, 40(6): 52-64.) (in Chinese)
本文引用 [1]

基金

三峡后续工作项目(JZ110161A0012023)
国家自然科学基金项目(U1812401)
第三次新疆综合科学考察资助项目(SQ2021xjkk02400)

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