针对目前水面蒸发模型对三峡水库狭长带状河道型的特点考虑不足的问题,分析三峡水库巴东站的水面蒸发变化规律,充分考虑饱和水汽压差、相对湿度、风速和水汽温差共4个主要因素对水面蒸发的影响,引入不同风速量级下的水汽温差函数,建立适合于三峡水库的水面蒸发模型。结果表明:面向三峡水库水面蒸发模型能准确模拟出三峡水库的水面蒸发量,模型在率定期的模拟效果最优,相比于其他传统经验模型,纳什效率系数NSE由0.31提高至0.75,与实测值的误差大幅度下降。同时模型模拟的蒸发量经折算后与三峡水库其他5处站点的实测值能较好吻合,验证了模型的精确性和可靠性,为三峡水库水资源合理利用与科学管理提供了技术支持。

This study aims to address the issue that existing water surface evaporation models do not account for the unique characteristics of the narrow and long channel type of the Three Gorges Reservoir. By analyzing water surface evaporation data from the Badong station in the Three Gorges Reservoir, we develop a water surface evaporation model specifically tailored for the Three Gorges Reservoir by introducing functions for water vapor temperature difference under different wind speeds in consideration of the influences of four primary factors: saturated water vapor pressure difference, relative humidity, wind speed, and vapor temperature difference. Results demonstrate that the proposed model accurately simulates the reservoir’s water surface evaporation, particularly during the calibration period, achieving a Nash efficiency coefficient (NSE) of 0.75, a significant improvement from 0.31 obtained with other traditional empirical models. The model’s simulated evaporation values closely match measurements from five additional stations in the reservoir, validating its accuracy and reliability. This model provides valuable technical support for the rational utilization and scientific management of water resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir.