为应对上海西部地区在极端天气时面临的严峻洪涝挑战,提出有效的水位调控策略,选取“烟花”台风期间青松片为研究对象,综合分析实际雨情与工况数据,包括降雨、片内圩外河道水位、二级圩区水位、片外河道水位过程等,提出二级圩区河湖超蓄和控制圩区雨峰过后排水2种策略,运用数字化地形分析与除涝数值模拟技术,评估对缓解高水位的有效性。研究发现,实施策略能大幅度增强蓄滞能力,二级圩区河湖超蓄措施可增加圩区蓄滞能力1 169.8万m³,控制圩区雨峰过后排水措施可增加圩区蓄滞能力245.9万m³,可降低片内圩外河道水位30 cm左右,有效缓解高水位。研究不仅验证了策略的有效性,而且在现有防洪排涝体系上增添了新的调控手段,为城市在面临重大水情挑战时提供了科学的调度决策依据,对于构建更加韧性的水管理体系、保障城市安全运行具有重要的实践价值与理论贡献。

To cope with the severe flood challenges caused by extreme meteorological events in the western part of Shanghai, an effective water level control strategy was proposed. The Qingsong region of Shanghai during the “Fireworks” typhoon was selected as the research object. The actual rainfall and working condition data were comprehensively analyzed, including rainfall, water level of the river outside the polder, water level of the secondary polder, and water level process of the river outside the polder. Two strategies were proposed, namely, over-storage of rivers and lakes in the secondary polder area and controlling of drainage after the rain peak in the polder area. The effectiveness of alleviating the high water level was evaluated by using digital topographic analysis and numerical simulation of flood control. It is found that the implementation of the above strategies can greatly enhance the storage capacity, and the theoretical estimate is to increase the capacity by about 11.7 million m³ and 2.46 million m³, respectively, which can reduce the water level of the river channel in the area by about 30 cm, and effectively alleviate the high water level. This study not only verifies the effectiveness of the strategy, but also adds new controlling methods to the existing flood control and drainage system, which provides a scientific basis for the city’s scheduling decision-making when facing major water challenges, and has important practical value and theoretical contribution to building a more resilient water management system and ensuring the safe operation of the city.