三峡工程建设运行后,长江中下游的水文情势发生了显著改变,进而影响了灌溉供水。为分析三峡工程运行对鄱阳湖区灌溉供水安全的影响,从供水水量和水位满足程度的角度,分别分析了三峡工程运行前后的水文水资源以及灌溉供水安全形势变化的情况。三峡工程运行后,鄱阳湖区水量整体减小,其中蓄水期9—10月份的湖区水量减少最为显著,湖区水位整体降幅达1.1~2.5 m;虽然湖区的总水量仍能满足灌溉以及供水的需求,但灌溉及供水水位满足程度显著下降,缺水量增多,灌溉供水水位平均满足程度由83.6%下降至42.7%,缺水量由7 032万m3增大至18 611.25万m3,城乡供水的平均水位满足程度由99.1%下降至87.5%,缺水量由78万m3增大至9 385万m3。通过三峡水库提前或延后蓄水,可提升供水能力约0.2%、0.3%,一定程度上缓解蓄水对9—10月份湖区灌溉供水的影响。
Abstract
The construction and operation of the Three Gorges Project (TGP) have significantly altered the hydrological regime of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, thereby impacting irrigation water supply. This study focuses on analyzing the effects of TGP operation on the safety of irrigation water supply in the Poyang Lake areas, specifically considering water quantity and fulfillment of water supply. To achieve this, the evolution of water resources and the situation of water supply before and after TGP operation were investigated. Following the operation of TGP, the Poyang Lake witnessed a decreasing trend in available water supply, with the most significant reductions occurring in September and October during impoundment periods. Moreover, the overall water level in the lake area has dropped by 1.1-2.5 meters. Although the total water quantity can still meet irrigation and water supply demands, there is a noticeable decline in the fulfillment of both irrigation and water supply requirements in urban and rural regions, leading to a significant increase in total water shortage. The fulfillment of secured rural and urban water supply and irrigation water supply requirements has dropped from 99.1% and 83.6% before TGP operation to 87.5% and 42.7% after operation, respectively. Simultaneously, water shortage for rural and urban water supply and irrigation water supply has increased from 0.78 and 70.32 to 93.85 and 186.11 million cubic meters, respectively. However, it is worth mentioning that early or delayed impoundment of TGP can slightly mitigate the project’s influence on water supply and irrigation during impoundment, thereby increasing the water supply capacity by 0.2% and 0.3% respectively.
关键词
水文情势变化 /
灌溉安全 /
供水安全 /
三峡工程 /
鄱阳湖
Key words
modified hydrological regime /
irrigation safety /
water supply safety /
Three Gorges Project /
Poyang Lake
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基金
国家重点研发计划专项(2022YFC3202300)
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