建立流域横向生态补偿机制是协调流域治理与保护的重要途径。自2012年全国首个跨省流域新安江生态补偿机制试点实施以来,至今全国已有13个跨省流域建立了生态补偿机制。长江流域跨省横向生态补偿机制实施后,跨省流域治理水平明显提高,但跨省流域横向生态补偿机制建立和实践过程面临着激励功能发挥有限、流域协调不足、水质补偿基准局限等问题。从管理视角解析了跨省流域横向生态补偿的科学问题,明晰了跨省横向生态补偿机制的核心要义,从强化激励功能和促进协同角度,提出回归跨省流域横向生态补偿的应然激励功能、发挥长江流域协调机制功能、构建符合长江流域资源禀赋特点的补偿基准体系等建议。研究成果可为长江流域全流域横向生态补偿机制完善提供参考。
Abstract
Establishing a cross-provincial ecological compensation mechanism for river basins is an important approach to coordinating basin governance and protection. Since the pilot implementation of the first cross-provincial ecological compensation in the Xin’an River basin in 2012, thirteen cross-provincial river basins in China have established ecological compensation mechanisms. Since the implementation of the cross-provincial transverse ecological compensation mechanism in the Yangtze River basin, the level of cross-provincial basin governance has significantly improved. However, the establishment and implementation of cross-provincial transverse ecological compensation mechanisms still face challenges such as limited incentive effects, insufficient basin coordination, and restricted water quality compensation standards. From a management perspective, we analyze the scientific issues related to cross-provincial transverse ecological compensation and clarify the core principles of cross-provincial transverse ecological compensation mechanism. To strengthen incentive effects and promote coordination, we put forward suggestions to promote the necessary incentive functions for cross-provincial transverse ecological compensation, to leverage the coordinating mechanisms in the Yangtze River basin, and to establish a compensation benchmark system that fits the characteristics of the resources in the Yangtze River basin. These recommendations provide a reference for the improvement of a comprehensive cross-provincial ecological compensation mechanism in the Yangtze River basin.
关键词
流域横向生态补偿 /
协调机制 /
流域管理 /
生态补偿机制 /
补偿基准体系 /
长江流域
Key words
transverse ecological compensation in river basin /
coordination mechanism /
river basin management /
legislation of ecological compensation /
compensation standard system /
Yangtze River Basin
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