为了解祁连山国家公园土壤重金属的污染程度、生态风险以及空间分布特征,选取祁连山南麓腹地高寒沼泽草甸土壤为研究对象,分析测定了沼泽草甸土壤0~10 cm与10~20 cm中的V、Cr、Mn、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb、As、Hg共10种重金属元素的含量。采用污染系数和富集系数对重金属在不同部位的富集规律及污染特征进行研究,并辅以人为贡献率进行补充和验证,最后通过潜在生态风险指数量化评定风险状况。结果表明:① 在0~10 cm和10~20 cm沼泽草甸土壤中,Cr、Zn、Hg的平均含量高于青海湖土壤背景值,其中Cr与Zn呈略微富集,而Hg的富集最为显著且人为贡献率达到了30%;V、Mn、Ni、Cu、Cd、Pb、As的平均含量与自然值无异,人为贡献率均为负值,并随着深度增加呈增大趋势,需要注意的是在部分样点存在点源污染。② 重金属潜在生态风险值从大到小依次为Hg>Cd>As>Ni>Cu>Pb>Cr>V>Zn>Mn,单项潜在生态风险指数显示除Hg以外,其他9种重金属均处于1级轻微生态污染风险状态;沼泽草甸土壤重金属综合潜在生态风险指数(RI)在0~10 cm和10~20 cm都达到了2级中等生态污染等级,Hg对综合潜在生态风险的贡献率达到50%以上。总体来说,沼泽草甸土壤中重金属污染具有一定的潜在风险,在对沼泽湿地污染治理过程中应予以足够的重视,此研究可为祁连山南麓腹地生态环境的整治与改善提供基础性的数据资料。
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to understand the pollution degree, ecological risk and spatial distribution characteristics of heavy metals in the soil of Qilian Mountain National Park. The content of V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, As, and Hg in 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm of swamp meadow soils in the southern piedmont of Qilian Mountains were tested. The pollution coefficient and enrichment coefficient were used to study the enrichment rules and pollution characteristics of heavy metals in different parts. The human contribution rate was used to supplement and verify the results. Finally, the risk status was quantitatively assessed through the potential ecological risk index. Results showed that: 1) The average content of Cr, Zn, and Hg in the 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm swamp meadow soils are higher than the background value of Qinghai Lake soil. Cr and Zn are slightly enriched while Hg is the most obviously enriched with the human contribution rate reaching 30%. 2) The average content of V, Mn, Ni, Cu, Cd, Pb, and As shows no difference with the natural values. The human contribution rate is negative and shows an increasing trend as depth increases. It is worthy of attention that point source pollution exists at some sampling points. 3) The potential ecological risk value of heavy metals in descending order is Hg>Cd>As>Ni>Cu>Pb>Cr>V>Zn>Mn. Except for Hg, the other nine heavy metals are all at a status of level-I ecological pollution risk, which means slightly polluted. 4) The comprehensive potential ecological risk index (RI) of heavy metals in swamp meadow soil reached level-II medium ecological pollution in both 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm. The contribution rate of Hg to RI reached more than 50%. In general, heavy metal pollution in swamp meadow soil poses potential risk. Sufficient attention should be paid to the pollution control of swamp wetland. This research can provide basic data for the governance and improvement of ecosystem in the hinterland of the southern foothills of the Qilian Mountains.
关键词
沼泽草甸土壤 /
重金属 /
污染评价 /
潜在生态风险 /
祁连山南麓
Key words
swamp meadow soil /
heavy metals /
pollution evaluation /
potential ecological risk /
southern piedmont of Qilian Mountains
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基金
国家自然科学基金项目(42171011);甘肃省青年科技基金计划项目(20JR10RA140);青海省自然科学基金项目(2021-ZJ-918)
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