系统分析了示踪剂类型、示踪剂投放量、示踪剂监测和流量监测等因素对饮用水源水系连通试验的影响,引入电导率作为优化采样和测流频次的指标,硝酸钾作为回收率计算的示踪剂指标,结合流量测验数据,构建了一种地下水复杂分支分级回收分析的定量水系连通方法。应用该方法开展湖南省和广西壮族自治区野牛岩省界的生活、生产用水矛盾调查。结果显示:①野牛岩来水全部流入落水氹,之后分为东西两支水流。②东支水流经幸福坝、幸福电站流入地下暗河,最后汇入江源;西支水流经五星隧洞、五星电站、幸福电站流入地下暗河,最后汇入江源,流程达30余km。在试验时段水文气象条件下,东支(幸福坝)分流水量约占野牛岩汇入落水氹水量的34.9%,西支(五星隧洞)分流水量约占野牛岩汇入落水氹水量的65.1%。③白泉、大水步、清塘、兆江洞1和兆江洞2与野牛岩之间无水流连通关系。该研究成果理清了该区域地下水走向及汇(分)流比例,掌握河道各处的水量沿程变化特征,为妥善解决该类型的用水矛盾纠纷提供技术支撑,可为复杂连通的水量分析工作提供参考。

The influences of tracer type, tracer dosage, tracer monitoring and flow monitoring on water flow connectivity of drinking water source were examined systematically. Electrical conductivity was taken as a reference index to optimize the sampling and flow measurement frequency, and nitrate of potash as the tracer indicator of calculating tracer recovery rate. In association with flow measurement data, a method of quantifying the water system connectivity was proposed to reveal the distribution of groundwater resource. The method was applied to investigate the contradiction between domestic water use and production water use in the provincial boundary of Yeniuyan between Hunan Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Results unveil that all the water from Yeniuyan flows into the Luoshuidang, and then divided into east and west streams. The east stream flows into the underground river through the Xingfu dam and the Xingfu power station, and finally into the Jiangyuan, while the west stream stretching over 30 km flows into the underground river through the Wuxing tunnel, Wuxing power station and Xingfu power station, and finally into the Jiangyuan. Under the hydrometeorological conditions during the test period, the water diversion of the east branch (Xingfuba) accounted for about 34.9% of the water inflow into the Luoshuidang from Yeniuyan, and that of the west branch (Wuxing tunnel) occupied 65.1%. No connection between Baiquan, Dashuibu, Qingtang, Zhaojiangdong 1 and Zhaojiangdong 2 and Yeniuyan was observed. The trend of groundwater and the proportions of runoff and water diversion were made clear, and the variation characteristics of water volume along the river course were obtained. The research finding is expected to offer technical support for solving such water use disputes and can be used as a reference for analyzing complicatedly connected water system.