考虑地理地形和下垫面等因素的影响,选用高空间分辨率TerraClimate数据集分析中国干湿气候变化特征具有重要意义。以该数据集1960—2019年的降水和蒸散月度数据为基础,基于降水量和湿润指数对中国各干湿区范围、干湿气候界线以气候变化趋势进行了分析。结果表明:前后30 a相比,基于两种指标划分的干旱区和湿润区面积负增长,半干旱区和半湿润区面积正增长;各区分界线主要在黑龙江、内蒙古中部和东北部、淮河以及黑龙江等地按年代波动;近60 a来,我国的降水量和湿润指数变化趋势不显著,均在西部和东南部趋于增大,气候变湿,在中部和东北部趋于减小,气候变干。与利用气象站点观测资料的研究结果进行对比评价,TerraClimate数据集能够很好反映中国区域的干湿状况及其变化特征,且降水数据的适用性更为突出。
Abstract
High spatial resolution TerraClimate dataset is employed to analyze the characteristics of dry and wet climate change in China under the influences of geographical terrain and underlying surface. According to monthly precipitation and evapotranspiration data from 1960 to 2019 in the TerraClimate data set, the range of dry and wet areas, dry and wet climate boundaries and climate change trend in China are analyzed based on precipitation and humidity index. Compared with those in the first three decades, the area of arid and humid regions in the latter three decades showed negative increase, and the area of semi-arid and semi-humid regions positive increase. The dividing line fluctuated mainly in Heilongjiang province, central and northeast Inner Mongolia, and Huaihe River. In recent six decades, the precipitation and humidity index tended to increase in the west and southeast, indicating that the climate was getting wet, and vice versa. Comparison with meteorological data analysis manifests that the TerraClimate dataset is more applicable and well reflects the dry and wet conditions in China and their variation characteristics, and the applicability of precipitation data is more prominent.
关键词
气候变化 /
TerraClimate数据集 /
干湿气候界线 /
降水量 /
湿润指数 /
趋势分析
Key words
climate change /
TerraClimate dataset /
dry and wet climate boundary /
precipitation /
humidity index /
trend analysis
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基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFB2102003)
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