为探究近年来乌江重庆段河道演变特征及其对航运的影响,在2016—2020年泥沙原型观测基础上,结合径流泥沙特性变化,分析了泥沙冲淤特征及河道演变规律,得出如下结论:①除主汛期外,三峡水位消落期及汛末是主要输沙期;②上游武隆峡谷段河道底床呈下降趋势、河口底床呈抬升趋势,河道坡降总体表现出减缓趋势;③相对于峡谷河段,宽阔河段的年泥沙冲淤变幅更为显著;④常年回水区河道走沙条件差,基本处于淤积状态;⑤变动回水区以上河道泥沙冲淤主要受河道形态控制。总体而言,从演变趋势来看,当前的来水来沙条件有利于减少河道泥沙淤积,重点险滩段冲淤发展态势较缓,河势整体稳定,河道演变对航运影响较小。研究成果可为乌江河道演变与治理相关研究提供借鉴。

The aim of this research is to obtain the evolution characteristics of Chongqing segment of Wujiang River and its influence on navigation in recent years. On the basis of prototype observation of sediment from 2016 to 2020 together with the change of runoff and sediment characteristics, the characteristics of sediment erosion and deposition and the law of river evolution are analyzed. The research findings are presented as follows: 1) In addition to the main flood season, the water level fluctuation period of the Three Gorges Reservoir and the end of flood season see most sediment transport. 2) In Wulong Gorge segment in the upstream, the river bed showed a declining trend, while the estuary bed an upward trend, and the river channel slope in general a gentle trend. 3) The annual sediment scouring and silting in wide reaches changes more significantly than that in canyons. 4) Perennial backwater channel is subjected to inferior sand conditions, basically in siltation. 5) The erosion and deposition of river sediment in the upstream of the fluctuating backwater area is mainly controlled by river morphology. In conclusion, from the perspective of evolution trend, the current incoming water and sediment conditions are conducive to reducing river sediment deposition. The erosion and deposition in some critical dangerous shoal segments develops gently, the river regime is generally stable, and the river evolution has little impact on shipping.