大型底栖动物群落结构及其分布是评价河流生态健康的重要指标。基于典型水文年丰、枯两季调查,分析了漓江流域中、下游典型河段底栖动物群落结构空间分布格局、摄食类群及其与水力要素的响应关系。结果表明:①典型河段群落结构中腹足纲个体占优,优势物种为中华圆田螺和短沟蜷;丰水期底栖动物密度为829 ind/m2,枯水期为264 ind/m2;②摄食类群中刮食者占优势,且滤食者、收集者和捕食者枯水期的相对丰度高于丰水期,刮食者枯水期的相对丰度低于丰水期,摄食类群中游的相对丰度大于下游;③典型河段生物多样性呈现空间异质性,且中游明显低于下游;④流速、底部剪切力及底质粒径是影响漓江底栖生物枯水期分布的主要因素,水深和层流层厚度则是影响丰水期分布的主要因素,分选系数、层流层厚度是底栖生物多样性最主要的影响因素。研究成果可为变化水力条件下漓江水生态修复提供支持。
Abstract
The structure and distribution of macrobenthos community are important indicators for evaluating the ecological health of rivers.Based on the surveys in wet and dry seasons of typical hydrological years,we analyzed the spatial distribution of benthic community structure,feeding groups and their responses to hydraulic factors in the middle and lower reaches of the Lijiang River Basin.The results demonstrate that:1) Gastropods are predominant in the community structure of a typical river section,and Cipangopaludina cathayensis and Semisulcospira sp.are dominant species;the density of benthic animals is 829 ind/m2 in wet periods and 264 ind/m2 in dry periods.2) Scrapers are dominant in the feeding groups,and their relative abundance in dry season is lower than that in wet season,while the relative abundances of collector-filterers,collector-gatherers,and predators in dry season are higher than those in wet season.The relative abundances of feeding groups in the middle reach are greater than those in the lower reach.3) The biodiversity of typical river sections is spatially heterogeneous,significantly lower in the middle reach than in the lower reach.4) Velocity,bottom shearing force and geological particle size are major factors affecting the distribution of benthic organisms in the Lijiang River during dry season;water depth and laminar layer thickness are major factors in wet season.The sorting coefficient and the thickness of laminar layer are the most important factors that affect the benthic biodiversity.
关键词
底栖动物 /
空间分布 /
水动力因子 /
生物多样性 /
漓江
Key words
macrobenthos /
spatial distribution /
hydrodynamic factors /
biodiversity /
Lijiang River
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] VANNOTE R L,MINSHALL G W,CUMMINS K W,et al.The River Continuum Concept[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,1980,37(1):130-137.
[2] SCHFFER M,HELLMANN C,AVLYUSH S,et al.The Key Role of Increased Fine Sediment Loading in Shaping Macroinvertebrate Communities along a Multiple Stressor Gradient in a Eurasian Steppe River (Kharaa River,Mongolia)[J].International Review of Hydrobiology,2020,105(1/2):5-19.
[3] BURGAZZI G,LAINI A,OVASKAINEN O,et al.Communities in High Definition:Spatial and Environmental Factors Shape the Micro-distribution of Aquatic Invertebrates[J].Freshwater Biology,2020,65(12):2053-2065.
[4] SCHULZ U H,ROSA M,KLEIN-STOLZ G F.Drift and Emergence Patterns of Nonbiting Midges (Chironomidae,Diptera,Insecta) in a Subtropical River[J].Ecological research,2019,34(6):835-841.
[5] BLACKWELL K T.Subcellular,Cellular,and Circuit Mechanisms Underlying Classical Conditioning in Hermissenda Crassicornis[J].Anatomical Record,Part B,New Anatomist,2006,289(1):25-37.
[6] 陈含墨,渠晓东,王 芳.河流水动力条件对大型底栖动物分布影响研究进展[J].环境科学研究,2019,32(5):758-765.
[7] 方红卫,何国建,黄 磊,等.生态河流动力学研究的进展与挑战[J].水利学报,2019,50(1):75-87.
[8] 曹艳霞,蔡德所,张 杰,等.漓江水系大型无脊椎底栖动物多样性现状调查[J].广西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2009,27(2):118-123.
[9] 杨青瑞,陈求稳.漓江大型底栖无脊椎动物及其与水环境的关系[J].水利水电科技进展,2010(6):12-14.
[10] 王 硕,林育青,陈求稳,等.漓江大型底栖动物群落时空分布及水质生物评价[J].环境科学学报,2018,38(3):1207-1213.
[11] 朱晨曦,莫康乐,唐 磊,等.漓江大型底栖动物功能摄食类群时空分布及生态效应[J].生态学报,2020,40(1):60-69.
[12] 段学花,王兆印,徐梦珍.底栖动物与河流生态评价[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2010.
[13] KLUG C.Feeding Ecology of Stream Invertebrates[J].Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,1979,10:147-172.
[14] LUDWIG J,REYNOLDS J.Statistical Ecology:A Primer of Methods and Computing[M].New York:John Wiley & Sons,1988.
[15] WEBSTER J R,GORDON N D,MCMAHON T A,et al.Stream Hydrology:An Introduction for Ecologists[J].Journal of the North American Benthological Society,1993,12(1):101.
[16] STATZNER B,GORE J A,RESH V H.Hydraulic Stream Ecology:Observed Patterns and Potential Applications[J].Journal of the North American Benthological Society,1988,7(4):307-360.
[17] FOLK R.Petrology of Sedimentary Rocks[M].Michigan:Hemphill Publishing Company,1980.
[18] BURNHAM K P,ANDERSON D R.Model Selection and Multimodel Inference[M].Berlin:Springer,2004.
[19] BART S H,JAMES B L.Relations between Complex Hydraulics and the Localized Distribution of Mussels in Three Regulated Rivers[J].Regulated Rivers:Research & Management,2001,17(1):77-84.
[20] 殷旭旺,徐宗学,高 欣,等.渭河流域大型底栖动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系[J].应用生态学报,2013,30(1):40-44.
[21] 王艳杰.辽河流域底栖动物群落特征与生境指标关系[D].沈阳:辽宁大学,2012.
[22] 陈 凯,张永祥,蔡德所,等.漓江大型底栖无脊椎动物群落结构与水质生物评价[J].广西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2012,30(4):115-122.
[23] BEAUGER A,LAIR N,REYES-MARCHANT P,et al.The Distribution of Macroinvertebrate Assemblagesin a Reach of the River Allier (France),in Relation to Riverbed Characteristics[J].Hydrobiologia,2006,571(1):63-76.
[24] GROWNS I,REINFELDS I,WILLIAMS S,et al.Longitudinal Effects of a Water Supply Reservoir (Tallowa Dam) on Downstream Water Quality,Substrate and Riffle Macroinvertebrate Assemblages in the Shoalhaven River,Australia[J].Marine & Freshwater Research,2009,60(6):594-606.
[25] COBB D G,GALLOWAY T D,FLANNAGAN J F.Effects of Discharge and Substrate Stability on Density and Species Composition of Stream Insects[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,1992,49(9):1788-1795.
[26] BROWN J W.The Invertebrate Fauna of Plummers Island,Maryland:Introduction and Background[J].Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington,2008,15(1):1-10.
[27] 段学花,王兆印,程东升.典型河床底质组成中底栖动物群落及多样性[J].生态学报,2007,27(4):1664-1672.
[28] PREZANT R S,TOLL R B,ROLLINS H B,et al.Marine Macroinvertebrate Diversity of St.Catherines Island,Georgia[J].American Museum Novitates,2011,47(3367):1-31.
[29] DUDGEON D.The Effects of Spate-induced Disturbance,Predation and Environmental Complexity on Macroinvertebrates in a Tropical Stream[J].Freshwater Biology,2010,30(2):189-197.
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(51479188)
PDF(2426 KB)
