为探究土地利用方式变化对表层土壤可蚀性的影响,分别在湖南省湘东大围山和湘西小溪国家级自然保护区选取现有4种典型土地利用方式(天然林及由其转变而来且紧邻的杉木林、果园和坡改梯耕地),分析土地利用方式发生转变后表层土壤理化性质差异,选择Torri.D模型计算土壤可蚀性K值,利用系统聚类法对本研究采样点和江西鹰潭中国科学院红壤生态试验站不同研究小区的土壤理化性质进行聚类分析,并以实测数据对本研究计算的K值进行校正。结果表明:①湘东和湘西地区天然林转变为杉木林、果园和坡改梯耕地后表层土壤砂粒含量较本地区天然林增加,土壤机械组成呈粗骨化趋势。②湘西地区各土地利用方式的表层土壤有机碳含量均高于湘东地区同类型土地利用方式,且土地利用方式由天然林发生转变后,其他土地利用类型表层土壤有机碳含量均小于本地区天然林。③湘东地区天然林及其开垦7 a后不同土地利用方式土壤可蚀性K值表现为:杉木林>天然林>果园(坡改梯)>坡改梯耕地;湘西地区天然林及其开垦10 a以上不同土地利用方式的土壤可蚀性K值表现为:坡改梯耕地>果园>杉木林>天然林。土地利用方式发生变化后,土壤可蚀性因微地形的改变以及种植作物的年限不同会发生不同程度的变化,采取水土保持措施对土壤状况有一定改善。
Abstract
The aim of this research is to explore the impact of land use changes on the erodibility of surface soils. The changes of physical and chemical properties of surface soil after land use change were examined with four typical land use patterns as case study. Such land use patterns include: natural forest, and three land use patterns converted from natural forest, namely, Chinese fir forest, orchard, and terracing farmland in Dawei Mountain of eastern Hunan Province and Xiaoxi National Nature Reserve of western Hunan Province. Moreover, the Torri.D model was employed to calculate the value of soil erodibility K, and hierachical clustering method was adopted to analyze the physical and chemical properties of the sample soil and the soils from the Red Soil Ecological Experimental Station of Chinese Academy of Science in Jiangxi Province. The measured data was used to correct the model calculation results. Results revealed that: 1) The sand content of Chinese fir forest, orchard, and terracing farmland converted from natural forest increased significantly, and the soil tended to become coarse. 2) The organic carbon content of surface soil in western Hunan was higher than that in eastern Hunan. After the conversion of land use pattern, the organic carbon content of soils in Chinese fir forest, orchard and terracing farmland were smaller than that of natural forest in the same area. 3) In east Hunan Province, the value of soil erodibility K of Chinese fir forest reclaimed for seven years was the largest among the four typical land use patterns, followed by that of natural forest, orchard (terraces) for seven years, and terracing farmland for seven years; in west Hunan Province, value of soil erodibility K of terracing farmland reclaimed for ten years was the largest, followed by that of orchard for ten years, Chinese fir forest for ten years, and natural forest. After the conversion of natural forest, soil erodibility varies according to the change of microtopography and the years of crop cultivation. Soil and water conservation measures are of help to improving the soil condition.
关键词
土地利用变化 /
亚热带山区 /
红壤 /
土壤可蚀性 /
土壤理化性质
Key words
land use change /
subtropical hilly region /
red soil /
soil erodibility /
physicochemical properties of soil
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基金
湖南省教育厅重点项目(19A242);国家科技基础性工作专项(2014FY110200);湖南省水利厅科技项目(湘水科计[2017]230-34)
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