以Hg、Pb、Cd、Zn、Cu和Cr为研究对象,采用内梅罗综合污染指数法、Hakanson潜在生态风险指数法以及健康风险评价模型,揭示渭河流域渭南段水体重金属污染特征、生态风险和健康危害风险。结果表明:Hg、Pb、Cd、Zn、Cu和Cr共6种重金属浓度均在《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)Ⅰ—Ⅲ类标准限值内;研究区重金属污染属于清洁水平,水体重金属内梅罗综合污染指数<0.7;水体重金属综合潜在生态风险呈现低度到中度的生态风险,以Pb的生态风险为主;研究区非致癌重金属元素引起的健康风险均低于致癌重金属元素引起的健康风险,饮水途径的健康风险远高于皮肤接触途径产生的健康风险,且重金属污染对儿童的威胁比成人大。研究结果可为流域水体重金属污染风险管理及污染防治提供理论依据。
Abstract
To reveal the characteristics and risk levels of heavy metal pollution in surface water from Weinan segment of Weihe River, the concentrations of Hg, Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu and Cr were measured and analyzed by using Nemerow multi-factor index method, the Hakanson potential ecological risk index method and the health risk assessment model. Results revealed that the concentrations of Hg, Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu and Cr in the surface water of Weinan segment of Weihe River from 2017 to 2019 were all within the limits of classes I-III, according to the Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB 3838-2002). The Nemero comprehensive pollution index of heavy metals in water was lower than 0.7, indicating a clean level. The potential ecological risk of heavy metals in water ranged from low level to moderate level, with Pb as the main ecological risk. The health risks caused by non-carcinogenic heavy metals in the study area were all lower than those caused by carcinogenic heavy metals, the health risks caused by drinking water routes were much higher than those caused by skin contact routes, and heavy metal pollution posed a greater threat to children than to adults. The research results offer theoretical basis for risk management and pollution control of heavy metals in river basin.
关键词
水体重金属 /
污染水平 /
健康风险 /
生态风险 /
渭河
Key words
heavy metal in water /
pollution level /
health risk /
ecological risk /
Weihe River
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] 向语兮, 王 晓, 单保庆, 等. 白洋淀表层沉积物重金属形态分布特征及生态风险评价[J]. 环境科学学报, 2020, 40(6):2237-2246.
[2] KRISHNA A K, SATYANARAYANAN M, GOVIL P K. Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in Water Using Multivariate Statistical Techniques in an Industrial Area: A Case Study from Patancheru, Medak District, Andhra Pradesh India[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2009, 167: 366-373.
[3] ZHAO G M, YE S Y, YUAN H M,et al. Surface Sediment Properties and Heavy Metal Pollution Assessment in the Pearl River Estuary, China[J]. Environmental Science & Pollution Research, 2017, 24(3): 2966-2979.
[4] 许思思, 宋金明, 袁华茂, 等. 镉、汞、铅和石油烃复合污染对渤海湾常见渔业资源生物的影响初探[J]. 生态毒理学报, 2010, 5(6):793-802.
[5] VU C T,LIN C,SHERN C,et al.Contamination, Ecological Risk and Source Apportionment of Heavy Metals in Sediments and Water of a Contaminated River in Taiwan[J].Ecological Indicators, 2017, 82: 34-42.
[6] 张晶晶, 羊 瑞, 王 华, 等. 河口区重金属运动足迹[J]. raybet体育在线
院报, 2020, 37(6):34-42.
[7] ZHAO L, GONG D, ZHAO W, et al. Spatial-temporal Distribution Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Surface Water of the Three Gorges Reservoir, China[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2020, 704: 134883.
[8] 许燕颖, 刘友存, 张 军, 等. 赣江上游典型流域水体三氮及重金属空间分布特征与风险评价[J]. 地球与环境, 2020, doi.https://doi.org/10.14050/j.cnki.11672-19250.12020.14048.14070.
[9] SADEGHI H, FAZLZADEH M, ZAREI A, et al. Spatial Distribution and Contamination of Heavy Metals in Surface Water, Groundwater and Topsoil Surrounding Moghan's Tannery Site in Ardabil, Iran[J]. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 2020, doi:10.1080/03067319.03062020.01730342.
[10]MUHAMMAD S, SHAH M T, KHAN S. Arsenic Health Risk Assessment in Drinking Water and Source Apportionment Using Multivariate Statistical Techniques in Kohistan Region, Northern Pakistan[J]. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2010, 48: 2855-2864.
[11]黄 茁, 刘玥晓, 赵伟华, 等. 长江源区近年水质时空分布特征探析[J]. raybet体育在线
院报, 2016, 33(7):46-50.
[12]宋慧敏, 薛 亮. 基于遥感生态指数模型的渭南市生态环境质量动态监测与分析[J]. 应用生态学报, 2016, 27(12):3913-3919.
[13]李小燕. 区域生态系统服务价值量与环境压力分析:以渭南市为例[J]. 干旱区研究, 2008, 25(5):729-774.
[14]关于渭河流域水生态治理专题协商的报告[DB/OL]. http://www.wnszx.gov.cn/show.asp?id=1740, 2019.
[15]杨学福, 关建玲, 王 蕾, 等. 渭河陕西段水体中重金属的时空动态变化特征研究[J]. 环境与安全学报, 2013, 13(6):115-119.
[16]田渭花, 王 蕾, 关建玲, 等. 渭河陕西段水体重金属污染现状及其来源探析[J]. 环境工程技术学报, 2017, 7(6):684-690.
[17]王 硕. 渭河流域综合生态风险评价[D]. 西安:陕西师范大学, 2019.
[18]杨学福, 关建玲, 段晋明, 等. 渭河西安段水体重金属污染现状及其健康风险评价[J]. 水土保持通报, 2014, 34(2):152-162.
[19]HAKANSON L. An Ecological Risk Index for Aquatic Pollution Control: A Sedimentological Approach[J]. Water Research, 1980, 14(8): 975-1001.
[20]徐争启, 倪师军, 庹先国, 等. 潜在生态危害指数法评价中重金属毒性系数计算[J]. 环境科学与技术, 2008, 31(2):112-115.
[21]刘宪斌, 朱浩然, 郭夏青, 等 河北黄骅近岸海域表层海水重金属污染特征及生态风险评价[J]. 安全与环境学报, 2020, 20(2):747-755.
[22]丁婷婷, 李 强, 杜士林, 等. 流域水环境重金属污染特征及生态风险评价[J]. 环境化学, 2019, doi.http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.1844.X.20190929.20191516.20190016.html.
[23]黄奕龙, 王仰麟, 谭启宇, 等. 城市饮用水源地水环境健康风险评价及风险管理[J]. 地学前缘, 2006, 13(3):162-167.
[24]侯 伟, 孙韶华, 李桂芳, 等. 黄河下游浅型山区和引黄水库水环境健康风险评价[J]. 水资源与水工程学报, 2016, 27(4):31-37.
[25]余葱葱, 赵委托, 高小峰, 等. 电镀厂周边地表水中重金属分布特征及健康风险评价[J]. 环境科学, 2017, 38(3):993-1001.
[26]尹 斌. 渭河渭南段重金属分析及防治对策[J]. 云南地理环境研究, 2015, 27(2):13-18.
[27]IKEM A, EGIEBOR N O, NYAVOR K. Trace Elements in Water, Fish and Sediment from Tuskegee Lake, Outheastern USA[J]. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 2003, 149(1): 51-75.
[28]邓 娟. 陕西省不同生态类型区河流水质时空变化及其评价[D]. 中国科学院教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心, 2017.
[29]黄宏伟, 肖 河, 王敦球, 等. 漓江流域水体中重金属污染特征及健康风险评价[J]. 环境科学, 2020, doi.10.13227/j.hjkx.202008068.
[30]ABEER N, KHAN S A, MUHAMMAD S, et al. Health Risk Assessment and Provenance of Arsenic and Heavy Metal in Drinking Water in Islamabad, Pakistan[J]. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.eti.2020.101171.
[31]余葱葱, 赵委托, 高小峰, 等. 陆浑水库饮用水源地水体中金属元素分布特征及健康风险评价[J]. 环境科学, 2018, 39(1):89-98.
基金
陕西省教育厅科学研究计划项目(18JS037);陕西省高校科协青年人才托举计划项目(20180705);渭南师范学院博士科研启动基金(18ZRRC04);渭南市科技局项目(2019QYNL-CYLM-1)
PDF(1503 KB)
