分析自然保护地的空间可达性,可为区域自然保护地体系建设与综合开发提供理论依据。以长江经济带1 624处国家级自然保护地为研究对象,采用ArcGIS空间分析方法测算空间可达性,运用GWR回归模型剖析其影响因素。结果表明:长江经济带国家级自然保护地的距离可达性和时间可达性优良,90.14%的国家级自然保护地分布在距离地级行政中心100 km的范围内,平均可达时间为24.23 min;县域可达性呈强集聚格局,以“成都—昆明”线为界,呈现出东高、西低的空间格局。区域海拔高程与国家级自然保护地可达性呈负相关,保护地丰度、路网密度与可达性呈正相关;对可达性影响程度最大的是路网密度,其次是保护地丰度、海拔高程,区域人均GDP对可达性没有明显的影响。贵中南、滇东南、湘赣南部及苏北沿海地区国家级自然保护地可达性对海拔高程的敏感度较低,长江上游地区国家级自然保护地可达性对路网密度的敏感度高,“成都—昆明”线以西地区国家级自然保护可达性对保护地丰度的敏感程度明显高于东部地区。

Researching the spatial accessibility of national nature reserve would offer theoretical support for the construction and comprehensive development of regional national nature reserves. The spatial accessibility of 1 624 national nature reserves in the Yangtze River Economic Belt was estimated by using ArcGIS spatial analysis method, and the influencing factors of spatial accessibility were investigated with GWR (Geographically Weighted Regression) model. Results revealed excellent distance accessibility and time accessibility of the national nature reserves in the Yangtze River Economic Belt . A percentage of 90.14% of the national nature reserves locates within 100 km from prefectural centers, with an average time of accessibility only 24.23 minutes. The accessibility on county level display a strong agglomeration pattern, and a spatial pattern high in the east and low in the west with the line of “Chengdu-Kunming” as the dividing line. The altitude elevation of the county units is negatively correlated with the accessibility of national nature reserves. The abundance of the reserves and the density of road network are positively correlated with the accessibility. The density of road network has the greatest impact on accessibility, followed by the abundance of protected land and the elevation. The per capita GDP of county has no significant impact on accessibility. In addition, the accessibility of national nature reserves in middle and south Guizhou, southeast Yunnan, south Hunan and Anhui, as well as the coastal areas of northern Jiangsu Province is slightly sensitive to altitude elevation; the accessibility in the upper reaches of Yangtze River Economic belt is highly sensitive to road network density; the accessibility of natural reserves to the west of Chengdu-Kunming line is much more sensitive than the east.