三峡水库蓄水后水位季节性波动给消落带带来了极大的环境胁迫。如何进行消落带生态系统修复,优化其生态系统服务功能,基于自然的解决方案是解决消落带复杂环境问题的重要途径。以位于三峡库区的澎溪河流域消落带为例,在阐述消落带生态系统修复设计策略和技术框架的基础上,结合持续10余年的消落带生态系统修复实践,分析了植物物种筛选及种源库建立、近自然植物群落构建、多功能基塘修复、复合林泽修复、多维湿地修复、地形-底质-植物-动物协同修复等技术的综合应用及其成效。结果表明,所筛选的植物耐淹性能及存活状况良好,修复后的消落带植物群落结构稳定,生物多样性提升、面源污染削减效果明显。澎溪河流域消落带生态系统修复实践解决了大幅度水位变化和冬季深水淹没的三峡水库消落带生态修复难题,创新性地构建了水库消落带生态系统修复技术体系,为大型湖库消落带生态修复提供了可推广、可复制的技术方法及实践模式。
Abstract
The seasonal fluctuation of water level after the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir has brought great environmental stress to the water level fluctuating zone. How to restore the water level fluctuating zone and optimize its ecosystem service function? Nature-based solution is an important approach. In this paper, the design strategy and technical framework of ecosystem restoration for the water level fluctuating zone of Pengxi River Basin in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area were expounded as a case study. In line with over a decade of practice in ecosystem restoration of water level fluctuating zone, the comprehensive application and effectiveness of nature-based technologies were analyzed. Such technologies include: the selection of flood resistant plant species, the establishment of plant provenance bank, the construction of near-natural plant community, multi-functional dike ponds, wetland woods complexity, multi-dimensional wetlands and collaborative restoration technology involving terrain,sediment,plants and animals in the fluctuating zone. The results manifested that the selected plants had good flood resistance and survival status, plant community structure in the restored fluctuating zone was stable, biodiversity was improved and non-point source pollution was reduced significantly. The nature-based practice of ecosystem restoration in Pengxi River Basin has solved the problem caused by large-amplitude water level change and deep-water inundation in winter, and creatively constructed a technical system of ecosystem restoration in the water level fluctuating zone of reservoir. The research findings offer a popularized and reproducible technical method and practical model for the ecological restoration of fluctuating zone of large lakes and reservoirs.
关键词
消落带 /
生态系统修复 /
基于自然的解决方案 /
澎溪河 /
三峡库区
Key words
water level fluctuating zone /
ecosystem restoration /
nature-based solutions /
Pengxi River /
Three Gorges Reservoir Area
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基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(52178031);中央高校基本科研业务费项目(2021CDJQYJC005);中国工程院重点咨询项目(2020-CQ-X2-5);国家科技重大专项(2013ZX07104-004-05)
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