基于1955—2018年洞庭湖水沙数据,运用Mann-Kendall检验法、双累积曲线等方法分析了洞庭湖近60多年水沙演变特征及其与人类活动的关系。研究结果表明:①受长江荆江段河道变化以及水利枢纽建设等的影响,三口、四水入洞庭湖水沙呈显著下降趋势,其中以三口输沙量的变化最为显著,且受三口水沙变化的影响,城陵矶年径流量与输沙量均呈下降趋势;②1955—2018年,洞庭湖湖盆泥沙淤积量呈显著下降趋势,泥沙淤积量的减小主要与由水利工程建设等人类活动引起的三口输沙量的减小有关;③水利工程建设等人类活动降低了水体中的泥沙浓度,使得径流-输沙双累积曲线发生偏折,通过建立偏折前后累积径流-输沙关系,可定量评价人类活动对洞庭湖水沙的影响。水利工程建设等人类活动使得三口、四水以及城陵矶输沙量平均每年分别减少0.69×108 t(2003—2018年)、0.22×108 t(1986—2018年)和0.21×108 t(1981—2018年)。
Abstract
The characteristics of runoff-sediment variation of Dongting Lake in recent six decades and its relationship with human activities were analyzed using Mann-Kendall trend test and double cumulative curve method based on the runoff-sediment data of Dongting Lake from 1955 to 2018. Under the influence of the waterway changes in Jingjiang reach of Yangtze River and the construction of water conservancy projects (WCP), declining trends were observed for the time series of runoff and sediment discharge at the three outlets of Yangtze River into Dongting Lake and the four rivers into Dongting Lake, of which the former was most significant. Affected by the water-sediment change at the three outlets, both the annual runoff and sediment discharge at Chenglingji presented dropping trends. An obvious downward trend was also discovered for the sediment deposition inside the Dongting Lake from 1955 to 2018. Such downward trend can be mainly attributed to the decrease of three outlets' sediment discharge caused by human activities such as the construction of WCP, which reduced the sediment concentration and deflected the dual cumulative runoff-sediment curves. The impact of human activities on runoff-sediment variation of Dongting Lake can be quantified by building the relations between cumulative runoff and sediment discharge before and after the deflection point. Calculations in this paper showed that human activities cut the annual sediment discharge at the three outlets, four rivers, and Chenglingji by 0.69×108 t/a (2003-2018), 0.22×108 t/a (1986-2018), and 0.21× 108 t/a (1981-2018).
关键词
水沙演变 /
径流 /
泥沙 /
Mann-Kendall检验法 /
双累积曲线 /
人类活动 /
洞庭湖
Key words
runoff-sediment variation /
runoff /
sediment /
Mann-Kendall trend test /
double cumulative curve /
human activities /
Dongting Lake
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基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41901120);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2019BD052);山东省大学生创新创业项目(201910447044);聊城大学大学生创新创业项目(cxcy2019y067)
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