近年来,受气候暖湿化过程影响,青藏高原湖泊数量及面积增加趋势明显,发生了系列湖岸溃决事件。为防止此类水患威胁到人民生命财产安全和重大工程设施,可通过人工引流疏导工程将外溢湖水有序、可控引流至下游安全区域。然而,在多年冻土区实施引流疏导工程,势必显著改变区域多年冻土水、热状况空间分布,影响区域生态环境的同时严重破坏了水工构筑物自身的长期稳定性。以可可西里盐湖正在开展的引流疏导工程为例,结合现有多年冻土勘察监测技术手段,基于区域多年冻土特征和引流疏导工程构成,提出了利用InSAR、无人机航拍、气象站点观测、地温观测、地球物理勘探等手段实现区域多年冻土空间分布与水热状况的立体监测方法。通过该方法,可实现区域环境气象要素、多年冻土水热状况空间分布和工程稳定性的同步监测,为工程对区域多年冻土环境影响评估提供科学依据,同时服务于工程稳定性和服役性能的预测预警,为未来我国多年冻土区水利工程建设与维护提供重要参考。
Abstract
Affected by climate warming and wetting, the number and area of lakes in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau have seen evident increases in recent years, resulting in lake overflow and even outbursts. Such threats to the security of lives and property of people and the safe operation of major engineering infrastructure can be alleviated by lake drainage project which diverts the overflow safely under control to the downstream area. However, in permafrost region, engineering activities and long-term water flow will lead to significant variations in hydrothermal regime. These variations will further affect local ecological environment and long-term stability of drainage projects. With the Yanhu Lake in Hoh Xil region as a background, we present a method combing InSAR, drone aerial photography, meteorological observation, ground temperature observation and geophysical exploration to establish a three-dimensional monitoring system on permafrost. The method considers the characteristics of permafrost in the region and the components of the drainage project. By using the present method, we could monitor synchronously the local meteorological conditions, the hydrothermal regimes of permafrost, and the stability of engineering structures. The monitoring work will provide data support for evaluating the impacts of drainage project on permafrost, and serve for prediction and early warning on the stability and service ability of engineering structures. The collected data will also offer important references for design, construction and maintaining of hydraulic infrastructure built on permafrost in the future.
关键词
湖岸溃决 /
引流疏导 /
多年冻土 /
现场监测 /
青藏高原
Key words
lake outburst /
drainage project /
permafrost /
field monitoring /
Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau
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基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41630636,41772325);冻土工程国家重点实验室开放基金项目(SKLFSE201603)
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