垃圾土的组成成分极其复杂,且具有较强的时空变异性。获得垃圾土准确的承载力与变形特性对后续的大面积填筑土方进行堆山造景及安全的正常运营具有十分重要的意义。然而,对其承载力与变形特性的准确确定十分困难,大尺寸平板载荷试验是较为可靠的方法。通过载荷板尺寸为4 m×4 m的大型平板载荷试验,对武汉市某垃圾场内垃圾土层的工程性能进行了试验,对加载过程中板下沉降、板周边地表沉降与板下分层沉降、板周边深层水平位移进行全过程的监测并进行分析,得出垃圾土层的极限承载力和整体变形特性。试验结果显示出垃圾土层在受荷作用下变形较大且影响深度可达10 m,表现为冲剪破坏模式。试验结果对相似的垃圾场堆填改造工程的实施提供了建议,为今后的垃圾填埋改造工程施工提供了参考。

Composed of complex materials, solid waste is strongly variable in spatial and temporal scales. Obtaining the bearing capacity accurately and deformation characteristic of solid waste is of pivotal significance for the subsequent large-scale filling of earthwork for mountain landscaping and safe operation. However, accurately determining the bearing capacity and deformation characteristic of refuse soil is quite challenging. Large-size plate loading test becomes a good choice. We examined the engineering properties of solid waste soil layers in a garbage dump in Wuhan via large-scale plate load test with the loading plate size of 4 m×4 m. By monitoring and analyzing the changes in settlements below plate, soil subsidence in the peripheral of plate, layered settlements below plate, as well as deep horizontal displacement in the peripheral of plate, we obtained the ultimate bearing capacity and overall deformation characteristics of the solid waste. Test results revealed large deformation of the solid waste layer under the action of load, with an effect reaching 10 meters in depth, which is manifested as the punching and shear failure mode. The test results provide suggestions for the implementation of similar landfill reconstruction projects, and also reference for renovation projects of waste landfill in future.