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流域水环境研究所创建十年来的发展历程,系统总结了10 a来的主要进展和创新成果。①建立了功能齐全的水环境及水生态实验室,通过国家计量认证体系的指标有130余项,覆盖了《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)规定的109项指标,建成了先进的流域水环境数值模拟平台,建成了河湖生态修复技术中试试验场;②特色研究成果包括:基于水沙过程的多面源营养物质输移机理与生态防治、水沙调控下大型水库磷输送特征、长江流域典型水域特殊污染物赋存特征及生态风险、长江源区主要鱼类栖息地形成机制、高原河湖水环境变化特征、饮用水水源地水质监测分析和保护管理、农村水电生态环境影响评价与对策、河湖水系连通的生态水文过程模拟和风险评价等;③主要的技术成果包括:湖库富营养化水体移动式水质净化系统、微电流电解抑藻技术、镉污染土壤生态水利修复技术、农村分散式供水的微电流电解灭菌技术、选铜尾砂改性及资源化利用技术等。最后,分析了水环境研究所发展中存在的不足,针对新时期面临的形势,对下一步研究重点进行了分析和展望。
Abstract
In this paper we briefly introduce the development of the Basin Water Environmental Research Department (BWERD) of Changjiang(Yangtze) River Scientific Research Institute in the past decade since its inception, and systematically summarize its major achievements and innovations in science and technology. (i) A laboratory of water environment and ecology with complete functions has been established, based on which over 130 items related to water quality can be measured, including 109 items specified by Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB 3838—2002), and their measurement has passed China Inspection Body and Laboratory Mandatory Approval. Moreover, an advanced numerical simulation platform for basin water environment has been established and a pilot site for river and lake ecological restoration technologies has been set up. (ii) Characteristic achievements in scientific research include: multi-nonpoint source nutrients transport mechanism and ecological prevention practices based on water and sediment processes, impacts of rural hydropower on environment and ecology and corresponding measurements, eco-hydrological processes simulation and risk assessment of river-lake system connectivity, phosphorus transport patterns under water and sediment regulation in large reservoirs, occurrence characteristics and ecological risks of specific pollutants in typical regions of the Yangtze River Basin, habitat formation mechanism of fishes in the source region of the Yangtze River, changing patterns of river and lake environment in Plateaus, and monitoring, analysis, management, and protection of water quality in drinking water sources, etc. (iii) Main achievements in technology include: mobile water purification system for eutrophic water bodies in lakes and reservoirs, algae growth suppression technology based on micro-electric electrolysis, eco-hydrological remediation technology for cadmium contaminated soil, sterilization technology for rural decentralized water supply based on micro-electric electrolysis, and modification and resource utilization technology for copperflotation tailings, etc.. Last but not the least, we examine the shortages that have arisen in the development of the BWERD, and expect the focus of future research in the light of the current situation.
关键词
流域水环境与水生态 /
水体富营养化 /
农村水电 /
饮用水水源地 /
水域特殊污染物 /
水系连通 /
高原河湖
Key words
basin water environment and water ecology /
water eutrophication /
rural hydropower /
drinking water source /
specific pollutant in water /
water network connectivity /
plateau rivers and lakes
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