岷江作为长江上游重要支流,为川西和成都平原社会经济发展提供了重要支撑。相较于长江其他主要支流,岷江流域整体水电开发时间略晚。近年来,岷江流域水库建设工程不断增多,流域水沙情况开始变化。根据实测资料,运用水沙过程线法和径流量-输沙量双累计曲线法,初步分析岷江水库建设特点、水沙输移变化,以及二者之间的联系。结果表明:水库数量和总库容分别在1970年和2005年后有了较大的提升,水库建设的趋势是由干流深入到支流,虽然近年水库建设数量减少,但高坝大库逐渐增多;随着建坝技术水平的提高,逐渐由易建造的土坝变为筑坝难度高的其它坝型;由于水库调控能力、拦沙作用的增强,流域主汛期径流量、输沙量出现坦化现象,年径流量和年输沙量在1990年后均有减小趋势,且年输沙量减少的趋势更明显。近期高场站年输沙量变化与岷江水库建设有着一定的负相关关系,随着岷江流域水库总库容的进一步增大,这种相关关系增强,且在汛期体现得更为明显。
Abstract
As an important tributary of the upper Yangtze River, Minjiang River provides a pivotal support for the social economic development in western Sichuan and Chengdu plain. The overall hydropower development in the Minjiang River basin took place slightly later than that in other major tributaries of the Yangtze River. In recent years, reservoir construction project increases unceasingly in the Minjiang River basin, giving rise to variations in the water and sediment condition. In this paper, the characteristics of reservoir construction and water-sediment transport as well as their interrelations are preliminary examined according to flow-sediment process lines and accumulative runoff-sediment load curves based on measured data. Results demonstrated that the number of reservoirs and the total storage capacity have surged since 1970 and 2005, respectively. Reservoirs are constructed from the mainstream to tributaries, with the number of reservoirs under construction declining while high dams and large reservoirs increasing. As dam construction technology improves, earth dam which is easy to construct is gradually changed into other dam types with high difficulty. Moreover, due to the enhancement of reservoirs’ regulation ability and sediment holding function, the runoff and sediment transport in main flood season of the basin have been flattening. Annual runoff and annual sediment transport both saw a downward trend after 1990, of which the annual sediment transport has been decreasing more obviously. Recently, the change of annual sediment transport volume at Gaochang station is in a negative correlation with reservoir construction. Such correlation intensifies with the further increase in the total capacity of reservoir in Minjiang River basin, and is more evident in flood season.
关键词
水沙输移 /
输沙量 /
径流量 /
双累计曲线法 /
岷江流域 /
水库建设 /
高场站
Key words
water and sediment transport /
sediment discharge /
volume of runoff /
accumulative runoff-sediment load curves method /
Minjiang river basin /
reservoir construction /
Gaochang station
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基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0402302);国家自然科学基金项目(51779015, 51809013)
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