为考察鲫鱼在不同流道宽度和来流速度下的运动模式,在自循环型水槽中进行了鱼游运动观测实验。实验用鱼体长18~20 cm,体重180~200 g,流道宽度为7~60 cm,来流速度0.1~0.6 m/s。利用高速摄影对不同条件下的鲫鱼游泳运动过程进行了记录,使用image Pro等图像数据分析软件对鱼游运动的摆尾频率、振幅、体波数等参数进行了定量分析,并拟合得到了鱼游运动方程,归纳了各运动参数随来流速度和流道宽度的变化规律。分析结果表明:鲫鱼的摆动频率、摆动幅度及体波数随来流速度变化有明显的改变,而流道宽度对鱼游泳运动模式的影响有限;来流速度增大,鱼的运动频率、运动幅度、体波数均有所增加。目前与鱼游运动相关的研究多集中于流速对其摆尾频率和振幅的影响,少有探讨鱼体摆动的体波数这一参数,更少有探究流道宽度对鱼运动的影响。研究成果积累了相关实验数据,可增加对鱼游运动机理的认识,为鱼类洄游通道恢复措施的制定提供理论支撑。
Abstract
Observation experiment on fish swimming in a self-circulating water tank was performed to investigate the movement patterns of Crucian in flow channels with different widths and inflow velocities. The Crucians for experiment were 18-20 cm in length and 180-200 g in weight. The width of the flow channel was set to 7-60 cm and the range of inflow velocity was 0.1-0.6 m/s successively. High-speed photography was employed to record the swimming process of Crucian under different flow conditions. And then Image Pro and other analysis software were used to quantify parameters such as tail-beat frequency, amplitude and wave number of fish body. The equations of fish motion under various experimental conditions and the variation law of each parameter along with the inflow velocity and channel width were obtained. Results revealed that the oscillation frequency, amplitude of oscillation and body wave number of Crucian changed apparently with the variation of inflow velocity, but not evidently with the variation of channel width. In general, the motion frequency, amplitude and body wave number increased along with the increasing of incoming flow velocity. Current researches of fish movement mostly focus on the influence of flow velocity on frequency and amplitude or turbulence rather than on the influence of flow path width. The present research offers some background information and theoretical basis for the future researches, design and bionics application of fishway.
关键词
鱼游运动模式 /
流道宽度 /
来流速度 /
摆尾频率 /
振幅
Key words
motion pattern of fish swimming /
flow path width /
incoming flow velocity /
tail-beat frequency /
amplitude
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基金
raybet体育在线
开放基金项目(CKWV2018459/KY);国家自然科学基金项目(51479007);武汉理工大学国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(20181049714001)
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