根石走失一直是黄河坝岸中较为突出的工程问题,直接影响着坝垛工程的基础稳定与整体安全。基于Flow-3D软件建立了根石冲刷坍塌走失数值模型,并采用物理模型试验算例进行验证。数值模拟结果中泥沙面计算值和物理模型试验实测值吻合度高,说明数值模型可用。随后基于数值模型计算了实际坝垛工程的河床冲刷过程。计算结果表明:坝前头处冲刷坑出现的时间最早,冲坑最深,随着水流的持续淘刷冲坑向上跨角和下跨角区域发展,此2处的冲刷坑深度相近,部分泥沙在坝裆间由于水流漩涡作用形成堆丘。坝垛工程中容易出险的部位为坝前头和上跨角,实际工程中应主要对这两处进行防冲加固。
Abstract
As a prominent engineering problem in the dam bank of Yellow River, the loss of root stones directly affects the foundation stability and overall safety of dam foundation. In this paper, a numerical model of root stone scouring and collapse is built via Flow-3D and verified by physical model test example. Numerical calculation results are in agreement with physical model test results, indicating that the numerical model is available. Furthermore, the process of bed scouring is simulated using the numerical model, and results reveal that scouring pit at the front head of the dam appears the earliest and the pit is the deepest. With the continuous flow of water, the scouring pit develops towards the upstream cross corner area and the downstream cross corner area where the pit depths are similar. Sediment deposits at the dam crotch due to the action of flow vortexes. The front head of dam and upstream corner are the most prone to hazards, and therefore, should be reinforced against scouring in practical engineering.
关键词
根石走失 /
坝垛工程 /
Flow-3D /
冲刷坍塌 /
黄河坝岸
Key words
root stone lost /
dam buttress /
Flow-3D /
scouring and collapsing /
Yellow River buttress
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基金
国家自然科学基金重点项目(51509104)
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