高效利用水资源已成为农业生产亟待解决的问题。为此,根据农业生态系统组成分析,影响农业用水效率的主要因素可以归纳为灌区的自然条件(气候、水资源条件、土壤质地)、灌区条件(包括类型和规模)、作物种植结构、灌溉工程措施、灌水技术、灌区基础设施和节水配套状况、灌区管理水平、经济政策和供水水价等几个方面。不同因素的影响机理是不同的,有些因素是可调控的,有些因素则短期内难以改变。重点分析了各因素对农田灌溉水有效利用系数的影响机理,同时从设施、制度、结构、技术等方面提出了提高农业用水效率的对策措施。

The effective utilization of water resources has been an urgent issue to be addressed. According to the composition of agricultural ecosystem, factors affecting the efficiency of agricultural water use can be categorized into natural condition (climate, water resources condition and soil texture), type and size of the irrigation area, crop growth structure, engineering measures and irrigation technology, infrastructure and water saving configuration in the irrigation area, management level, economic policy and water price, etc. The influence mechanisms of these factors are different. Some are controllable, and some are hard to change. The mechanisms of these factors affecting the coefficient of effective utilization of farmland irrigation water are analyzed. Furthermore, measures to improve agricultural water use efficiency are put forward from aspects of facilities, regime, structure and technology.