根据近20 a 来水资源公报成果，分析了长江流域及二级支流水资源总量、用水总量、用水结构、用水指标、废污水排放和河流湖泊水质变化情况，提出未来水资源管理的重点是水污染治理和水资源保护。分析结果表明: 长江流域水资源总量变化不大，用水总量增幅明显减缓，到2007 年以后，用水总量趋于稳定; 农业用水基本稳定，工业和生活用水增加; 万元GDP 用水量和万元工业增加值用水量显著下降，用水效率增加; 废污水排放总量不断增加，河流和湖泊水质改善不明显，水污染治理任重道远。长江流域水资源管理应该借助长江经济带绿色发展，在加强点源治理基础上，更加重视面源污染的控制和治理。

According to the Bulletin of Water Resources in the Changjiang River Basin in recent two decades，we analyze the changes of water resources amount，water consumption amount，water utilization structure，water consumption indicators，wastewater emission amount and water quality of rivers and lakes in the Changjiang River basin and its secondary regions． We put forward that the key to water resource management in future is water pollution control and water resources protection． The analysis reveals that water resources amount of the Changjiang River Basin changed slightly，and the growth of water consumption slowed down apparently and has tended to be stable since 2007; agricultural water consumption remained stable，while industrial water and domestic water consumption increased; water consumption per 10 000 yuan GDP and per 10 000 yuan industrial value added decreased obviously，indicating that water use efficiency has improved． However，water pollution control remains a daunting task and we still have a long way to go as wastewater emission continues to increase and water quality improvement of rivers and lakes remains unapparent．Therefore，with the support of green development of Changjiang River Economic Zone，we recommend to pay more attention on the control and treatment of non-point source pollution，and in the meantime strengthen point source pollution control．