为详细研究三峡库区龙河流域降雨侵蚀力的时空分布特征,根据流域及其周边共12个雨量站连续41 a(1970—2010年)的日降雨资料,按照降雨侵蚀力简易模型,对龙河流域降雨侵蚀力年内分配和年际变化规律进行了计算和分析。研究表明龙河流域多年侵蚀力变化范围为2 031.47~10 927.57 MJ·mm/(hm2·h),多年均值为4 662.00 MJ·mm/(hm2·h);流域年降雨侵蚀力总体趋势为由东北向西南递减,侵蚀力高值区在黄水和悦来场一带,低值区位于廖家坝站附近。流域年降雨和年降雨侵蚀力年内分布较集中,汛期降雨、汛期降雨侵蚀力分别占全年比重的78.43%和78.56%;流域侵蚀力分布最集中时段为5—7月份。龙河流域4站M-K统计值Z值均>0,其降雨侵蚀力为增加趋势;其余3站Z值均<0,其降雨侵蚀力为减小趋势;但所有站点的Z值都没有通过α=0.05的显著性水平检验。1970—2010年间,对整个流域而言,降雨侵蚀力减小趋势不显著,降雨量增加趋势不显著。
Abstract
According to daily rainfall records in 41 consecutive years (1970-2010) at twelve stations of Longhe River watershed in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, we calculated and analysed the intra-annual distribution and inter-annual variation of rainfall erosivity by using a simplified model of rainfall erosivity. During 1970-2010, the annual rainfall erosivity (R-factor) of Longhe river watershed varied from 2031.47 to 10 927.5 MJ·mm/(hm2·h), with an average of 4 662.00 MJ·mm/(hm2·h). The spatial distribution of erosive rainfall and rainfall erosivity were in accordance with the elevation, decreasing from northeast to southwest. The rainfall and rainfall erosivity of wet season were highly concentrated, accounting for 78.43% and 78.56%, respectively. Erosive rainfall concentrated in May-July. The Mann-Kendall statistical value Z of annual rainfall erosivity at all stations were inconsistent and insignificant (α=0.05) over 41 years, only at three stations such trend was deceasing, at the other four stations the trend was increasing at the same time. For the whole watershed, the change of R value was incompatible with the variation of rainfall, and showed an insignificant trend of decreasing over 41 years.
关键词
降雨侵蚀力 /
日降雨量 /
时空分布 /
龙河流域 /
三峡库区
Key words
rainfall erosivity /
daily rainfall /
spatio-temporal distribution /
Longhe River watershed /
Three Gorges Reservoir Region
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基金
水利部公益性行业科研专项经费项目(201201048);raybet体育在线
开放基金项目(CKWW2013218);江西省土壤侵蚀与防治重点实验室开放基金项目(JXSB201303)
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