荆江三口分流是洞庭湖入湖流量的重要组成部分,其变化规律影响江湖关系。三峡水库蓄水后荆江三口分流的变化与长江来流的减少以及干流径流过程的改变关系密切。利用实测资料,分析了荆江干流流量与三口分流的关系,对比了蓄水前后荆江干流中高流量的持续时间,计算了三峡水库不同运行期径流过程改变对三口分流量的影响,得到以下结论:三口分流量决定于干流中高流量的出现天数;三峡水库蓄水后长江来流减少,且三峡水库的调蓄作用减少了荆江干流中高流量的持续时间,故而三口分流量减少;三峡水库139 m运行期,水库径流调整较小,对三口分流影响不大;三峡水库156 m运行期典型年的年内过程中,水库蓄水对三口分流影响最大,其他时段影响较小,三口年分水总量减少7.7亿m3;三峡水库175 m运行期,汛期中小洪水拦蓄及蓄水期蓄水显著影响荆江中高流量持续时间,造成三口年分水总量减少83.1亿m3。
Abstract
The diverted flow from three outlets of Jingjiang River is an important part of inlet flow of the Dongting Lake. Its changes would affect the relationship between the Yangtze River and the Dongting Lake. Since the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir, changes in the diverted flow from the three outlets has been closely related to incoming flow decrease and runoff process change in the Yangtze River. In this article, according to measured data, the relationship between discharge of mainstream Jingjiang River and diverted flow of three outlets was analyzed, and the durations of middle flow and high flow of mainstream Jingjiang River before and after the reservoir impoundment were compared. Moreover, the influence of runoff process change caused by reservoir storage on the three outlets was also researched. Results revealed that 1) the diverted flow from three outlets is dependent on the number of days of middle flow and high flow in mainstream Jingjiang River. The diverted flow from three outlets reduced due to decreases in incoming flow and middle-and-high-flow durations caused by reservoir storage and regulation; 2) in running period of 139 m water level, the reservoir runoff changed slightly, which had no big influence on the three outlets; 3) in typical year of running period of 156 m water level, impoundment process has the biggest influence on three outlets, with the total diverted flow decreasing by 770 million m3, whereas in other periods the influence was small; 4) in running period of 175 m water level, flood storage in flood season and impoundment in storage period significantly affected the duration of middle flow and high flow in Jingjiang River, causing a decrease of 8.31 billion m3 in total diverted flow of three outlets.
关键词
荆江三口 /
洞庭湖 /
水库调度 /
江湖关系 /
输移规律
Key words
three outlets of Jingjiang River /
Dongting Lake /
reservoir operation /
relationship between river and lake /
sediment transport law
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基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51509012,41601043);中国长江三峡集团公司经费项目(0799553)
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