长江源区作为长江水文循环的起始地,具有重要的生态系统服务功能。源区的水质、水量变化将影响长江流域水资源的可持续利用。因此,研究源区水域的纳污能力、计算控制污染物排放量对源区水功能区管理具有重要意义。依据源区水功能区水质目标,结合实测水文、水环境监测资料,选取一维水质模型,对青海省境内通天河及长江源区的水域纳污能力和限制排污总量进行了研究。结果表明现状年三江源保护区的COD_Cr和NH₃-N的纳污能力远大于聂恰曲治多保留区等其他4个水功能区,规划年(2020年)聂恰曲治多保留区的COD_Cr和NH₃-N纳污能力最大。而现状年和规划年聂恰曲治多保留区的COD_Cr和NH₃-N总量控制指标均大于三江源保护区和称文细曲称多保留区。研究成果可为长江源区水功能区划与管理提供理论依据。

:As the origin of the Yangtze River hydrological cycle, the source region of Yangtze River has many important functions of ecosystem services. The changes of water quality and amount together with the unreasonable human activities in the source region have important effects on the sustainable utilization of the water resources in Yangtze River basin. Therefore, researches on the water functions, water environment capacity and control of sewage and pollutant emissions have vital significance for the management of water functional zone. In view of the water quality target of water function area and according to the monitoring data of hydrology and water quality, the pollutart carrying capacity and total limit discharge of pollutants in Tongtian River and the source region of Yangtze River in Qinghai province were studied with the aid of one-dimensional water quality model. Results show that firstly, the pollutant carrying capacity for COD_Cr and NH₃-N of National Nature Reserve of Three Rivers Source was considerably higher than that of other four water function areas including the reserved area of Nieqiaquzhiduo in status year. The pollutant carrying capacity for COD_Cr and NH₃-N of the reserved area of Nieqiaquzhiduo was the highest in planning year. However, the total control amounts for COD_Cr and NH₃-N of the Nieqiaquzhiduo reserved area were higher than those of National Nature Reserve of Three Rivers Source and Chengwenxiqunchengduo reserved area in both status year and planning year. This study could provide theoretical basis for the management of water functional zone and the eco-functional regionalization of the source region of Yangtze River.