因水库下游的地形、边界、糙率等存在明显不同,城市水库溃坝后的下泄演进与山区水库可能存在显著差异。针对城市水库下游区域建筑物众多、糙率复杂的特点,利用地理信息系统(GIS)技术生成高仿真的数字高程模型(DEM),对不同地表类型赋予不同的糙率值并生成糙率场。以深圳龙口水库为例,利用MIKE21水动力模块构建溃坝洪水演进模型,假设主坝瞬间全溃后对下泄洪水进行演进模拟。计算结果表明:模型能较好地模拟城区建筑物的雍水效应,较能反映城市主干道在洪水演进过程中的引导作用以及局部地区洪水迅速涨落和消退的特点,说明高仿真的DEM和多元分布的糙率场对保证城市水库溃坝模拟演进的合理性具有重要作用。
Abstract
Flood propagation after dam break in urban areas is greatly different from that in mountainous areas because of disparities in terrain, boundary, and roughness coefficient. Areas in the downstream of urban reservoir has numerous buildings and complex roughness, so it’s difficult to process urban terrain data. To solve this problem, we built a high fidelity digital elevation model (DEM) by using GIS technology, and assigned different coefficients of roughness corresponding to different land surfaces, and generated a roughness field. Subsequently we took Longkou Reservoir in Shenzhen City as a case study to built a model of flood propagation caused by sudden dam-break suitable for urban area based on Hydrodynamics of MIKE21. Computation result demonstrates that the model could well simulate the backwater affected by buildings, and could reflect the guidance of urban trunk road for flood propagation, and also explains the rapid rise and regression of flood in some local areas. High fidelity DEM and multivariate distribution of roughness coefficients could improve the accuracy and rationality of simulating flood propagation after dam-break in urban areas.
关键词
水库溃坝 /
洪水演进模型 /
数值模拟 /
MIKE21 /
GIS
Key words
dam-break /
model of flood propagation /
numerical simulation /
MIKE21 /
GIS
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基金
亚热带建筑科学国家重点实验室项目(2011ZC24,2013ZC04);广东省交通运输厅科技项目(2013-02-043)
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