基于乌东德双曲拱坝的特定工程地质条件,采用三维地质力学模型试验技术,通过重度超载的方法,研究了坝体和坝基、坝肩从加荷到破坏的整个过程与整体稳定性。依据相似理论,按照1∶300比例对大坝基础及两岸坝肩山体的岩体力学特性、不连续结构面和层面、双曲拱坝坝型等进行了相似模拟,研究了拱坝及基础的变形特征、失稳破坏过程、破坏形态以及超载能力,对拱坝与地基整体稳定安全度进行了评价。通过分析拱坝在正常蓄水位和超载作用下的位移场、坝体和坝肩的变形及其分布特征、内部断层典型测点的相对位移,对拱坝坝体和坝基失稳前后裂缝发展的全过程及其破坏机制进行了研究。试验结果表明:在设计荷载作用下,坝体及左右岸坝肩变形稳定,变形呈线性特征;综合位移应变测试结果及超载破坏模式定性描述,认为上游坝踵起裂安全度K1=1.7~2.0,非线性开始安全度K2=3.5~4.0,拱坝坝肩与坝基整体稳定安全度K3=6.0~7.0。
Abstract
The global stability of Wudongde double-curvature arch dam is researched by using 3-D geomechanical model in overloading condition. The mechanics behaviors and complex geological structures including discontinuous planes and beddings of dam foundation and abutment are simulated with a model of 1∶300 scale. Through the overloading model test, the deformation characters, failure process, failure pattern and overloading capacity of arch dam are obtained, and the global safety of arch dam and dam foundation is assessed. Furthermore, the displacement fields under normal water-storage level condition and overloading condition are analyzed, relative displacements at typical points on the beddings are obtained, and crack development before and after the failure are described. Results indicate that under design load, the arch dam body and abutments on both sides are stable and the deformation is linear; the overloading factor k1 for crack initiation in dam heel ranges from 1.7 to 2.0, the nonlinear deformation overloading factor k2=3.5~4.0, and the ultimate overloading factor k3=6.0~7.0.
关键词
乌东德水电站 /
拱坝整体稳定性 /
三维地质力学模型 /
超载试验
Key words
Wudongde hydroelectric power station /
global stability of arch dam /
3D geomechanical model /
overloading test
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基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51109014, 51109120, 40872192);国家重点基础研究973发展计划资助项目(2011CB710603)
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