淡水藻类的快速生长易导致水体“水华”。藻类生长受其自身生理特征和外界环境因子共同作用。选取“水华”爆发常见的藻种——铜绿微囊藻为研究对象，通过总结国内外相关实验以及理论研究成果，分析环境因子包括氮、磷营养盐（浓度、形态及氮磷比）、光照（强度和周期）、温度、pH、盐度及水力扰动对其生长的影响。基于上述讨论分析总结藻类生长的适宜环境条件，提出抑制藻类“水华”的必要控制措施和相关技术构想。

 The rapid growth of algae, which is a combined result of its physiological characters and environmental factors, contributed largely to the water bloom. Microcystis aeruginosa, a common algae in water bloom, is chosen as the research object to analyze the impacts of environmental factors including nitrogen and phosphorus (concentration, fraction and the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus), light (light intensity and light period), temperature, pH, salinity, and disturbance at different levels on the algae growth. The analysis is carried out by summarizing experimental researches and theoretical achievements in China and abroad. Environmental conditions favorable for algae growth are summarized as sufficient nutrient, appropriate light and temperature, and slow water flow. Countermeasures to water bloom are presented. Reducing the concentration of nutrient and changing the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorous are believed to be the most efficient approaches of controlling algae. Adjustment of pH, light, salinity and temperature, as well as hydrodynamic approaches are also put forward.